Физическое образование в вузах №2 2014 (250,00 руб.)

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Physics in Higher Education V. 20, № 2, 2014 Журнал «Физическое образование в вузах» URL: http://pinhe.lebedev.ru Совет журнала Крохин Олег Николаевич – главный редактор, академик РАН, проф. МИФИ Гладун Анатолий Деомидович – заместитель главного редактора, проф. МФТИ Калашников Николай Павлович — заместитель главного редактора, проф., зав. каф. НИЯУ МИФИ Николаев Владимир Иванович — заместитель главного редактора, проф. МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, директор ЦПНПК при МГУ Шапочкин Михаил Борисович — заместитель главного редактора, проф., председатель Правления МФО Колесников Юрий Леонидович — проф., проректор НИУ СПбИТМО Кудрявцев Николай Николаевич — проф., ректор МФТИ (ГУ) Стриханов Михаил Николаевич — ректор НИЯУ МИФИ, проф. Сысоев Николай Николаевич — проф., декан физфака МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова Хохлов Дмитрий Ремович — проф., зав. каф. МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, членкорреспондент РАН Редакционная коллегия Гороховатский Юрий Андреевич — проф., зав. каф. РГПУ им. А.И. Герцена Завестовская Ирина Николаевна — директор Института магистратуры НИЯУ МИФИ, декан Высшей школы физиков им. Н.Г. Басова НИЯУ МИФИ, ведущий научный сотрудник ФИАН Лебедев Владимир Сергеевич — проф., зав. каф. МФТИ (ГУ) Лебедев Юрий Анатольевич — проф., зам. Председателя Правления Объединённого физического общества РФ Морозов Андрей Николаевич — проф., зав. каф. НИУ МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана Песоцкий Юрий Сергеевич — проф., ген. дир. ассоциации «Марпут» Пурышева Наталия Сергеевна — проф., зав. каф. МПГУ Салецкий Александр Михайлович — проф., зав. каф. МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова Спирин Геннадий Георгиевич — проф., МАИ Стефанова Галина Павловна — проф., первый проректор Астраханского госуниверситета Рудой Юрий Григорьевич — проф. РУДН Чернышев Виктор Викторович — проф., ВА им. Н.Е. Жуковского и Ю.А. Гагарина Ответственный секретарь Калачев Николай Валентинович — ст.н.с. ФИАН, доц. Финуниверситета Техническая редакция Березин Павел Дмитриевич — руководитель РИИС ФИАН. Алексеева Татьяна Валерьевна — инженер РИИС ФИАН. Алексеева Татьяна Викторовна — редактор РИИС ФИАН. © Издательский дом МФО, 2014 г. The contents 3 14 25 Physicists about Philosophy V.I. Popkov The Historical Aspect of Teaching Physics in Higher School: the Concept of Density of States in Optics, Quantum Physics and SolidState Physics S.V. Gaponenko, V.N. Khilmanovich On Normalization Procedure in General Physics Course V.I. Nikolaev, T.A. Bushina 31 On the System of Science Education Students Physical Specialties E.U. Semenova 37 46 57 Physical Fundamentals of Electrography V.V. Galanin Lissajous Сurves and Symmetry B.S. Rybin, A.E. Sergeeva The Remarks on Momentum and Angular Momentum of Static Fields V.I. Tsoy 65 Forming of Independent Work Skills as Basis of Scientific and Research Work of Students in Technical Higher Educational Institution E.N. Baulo 71 Organization and Control of the Formation of Competencies of Students in the Study of Physics L.V. Kucherenko 78 Pedagogical Conditions of the Professional Competences Formation in Studies of Physics at Technical University O.F. Lapanik, I.M. Slabzhennikova, L.M. Jakovenko 88 Lessons of Nanoelectronics. 6. Basics of Spintronics by «Bottom – Up» Approach Yu.A. Kruglyak 109 Talbot Effect I. Diffraction on OneDimensional Gratings E.V. Smirnov, B.G. Skuybin, L.K. Martinson 122 NonContact Measurement of Active and Inductive Reactance of the Solenoid from the Phase Shift between the External Magnetic Field and the Induced Currents Field A.G. Chernykh 131 Glossary in Physics: Imperative of the Time A.V. Samokhin, M.N. Ryzhkova 140 Research Experiment on Wave Optics in Level Training of Physics Teacher O.A. Rogozhnikova, K.G. Nikiforov 149 Individualization of Students’ Educational Route in Physics Training of Bachelors in the Areas of «Physics» and «Pedagogical Education» D.A. Isaev, G.M. Chulkova 154 The Integration of the Content of Education on the Subject Basis of the Perspective of Modern High Technologies by the Preparation of Pedagogical Shots on Physics Yu.S. Ostroumova 164 The Technology of the Physical Experiment: Optical Properties of Solids М.А. Goryaev, А.P. Smirnov 169 On the Factors Increasing the Motivational Component in Teaching Physics in Higher Educational Establishments of EMERCOM of Russia А.N. Кrylov, V.I. Sluev 177 Abstracts

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О факторах, повышающих мотивационную компоненту физического образования в вузах МЧС России 175 Лабораторные работы, кроме их традиционной направленности на опытное обоснование основных законов физики, знакомства с методами измерений и методами обработки результатов измерений, следует обратить внимание на приборы, аналоги и принцип работы которых могут использоваться в профессиональной деятельности. Например, при выполнении работы на тему «Тепловое излучение» можно указать на возможность использования оптического пирометра для определения температуры очага пожара и, соответственно, выбора пожарными подразделениями средств защиты от огня. На рис. 3, на примере раздела «Оптика» показана связь лабораторных работ по данному разделу с задачами по обеспечению безопасности в ЧС. В активизации познавательной деятельности обучаемых в вузах МЧС России, кроме профессиональной направленности материалов курса физики, существенную помощь могут оказать и современные компьютерные технологии. Электронные презентации уже давно актуальны и востребованы при проведении лекционных занятий. Очевидно, что для реализации профессиональной ориентации занятий в вузах МЧС России, необходимо, чтобы преподаватели физики были компетентны в области деятельности МЧС России. На рис. 4 представлены основные аспекты необходимой информированности преподавателя физики о профессиональной деятельности выпускников вузов МЧС России. Заключение При сохранении целостности курса физики и традиционных методов преподавания для повышения интереса к изучению курса физики студентов в вузах МЧС России можно рекомендовать следующее. 1) Иллюстрировать проявления законов физики в ситуациях, связанных с профессиональной деятельностью выпускников (тушение пожаров и проведение аварийноспасательных работ, проведение мероприятий по обучению населения способам защиты от опасностей, работа с современной пожарноспасательной техникой, проведение пожарнотехнической экспертизы, принятие управленческих решений при проведении работ по ликвидации последствий аварий и ЧС, разработка рекомендаций по организации надзорной деятельности и т.д.). 2) Создание соответствующих учебнометодических разработок, дополняющих базовые учебные пособия. 3) Организовать ознакомление преподавателей физики с профессиональной деятельностью выпускников (участие в работе научнопрактических конференций и семинаров, присутствие на пожарнотактических учениях, демонстрациях современной специальной техники, посещение выставок и т.д.). 4) Шире использовать возможности современных технических средств обучения,

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176 А.Н. Крылов, В.И. Слуев а также сети интернет, обеспечивающей доступ к практически любой информации. Литература 1. Решение XII Международной конференции «Физика в свете современного образования» (ФССО2013). Физическое образование в вузах. Т. 19, № 3, 2013. – С. 3–9. 2. Елаховский Д.В. Повышение мотивационной составляющей физического образования студентов строительных специальностей вуза. Физическое образование в вузах Т. 19, № 3, 2013. – С. 74–81. 3. Гладун А. Д., Спирин Г. Г. Нужна ли в России физика инженеру? // Физическое образование в вузах. Т. 16, № 4, 2010. – С. 5–11. 4. Пожарные риски. Динамика, управления, прогнозирование. Под ред. Н. Н. Брушлинского и Ю. Н. Шебеко – М.: ВНИИПО, 2007. – 368 с. 5. Слуев В.И., Ванюшкин В.П., Крылов А.Н. «О роли физики при подготовке инженеров МЧС России» Пожары и чрезвычайные ситуации: предупреждение и ликвидация № 2, 2011. – С. 31–36. 6. Слуев В.И. Теоретические принципы оценки опасности падения человека с высоты. Монография. – М.: Академия ГПС МЧС России, 2003. – 137 с. 7. Слуев В.И. Физика и культура безопасности общества: Монография. – М.: Академия ГПС МЧС России, 2002. – 73 с.

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Abstracts Physicists about Philosophy V.I. Popkov Bryansk State Technical University; email: popkov@tubryansk.ru Views of outstanding physicists at philosophy and influence of philosophy on development of a physical science are considered. Keywords: physics; philosophy; philosophical problems of physics; the quantum mechanics; the relativity theory; materialism; positivism. The Historical Aspect of Teaching Physics in Higher School: the Concept of Density of States in Optics, Quantum Physics and SolidState Physics S.V. Gaponenko1 1 , V.N. Khilmanovich2 B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (head of the Laboratory of Nanooptics, professor, doctor of physics and mathematics, member of the National Academy of Sciences), Minsk, Belarus (220072, Nezavisimosti Ave 68); email: nanoscience@tut.by 2 Grodno State Medical University (Department of medical and biological physics, senior lecturer, candidate of pedagogical sciences), Grodno, Belarus; email: valentina gr@yandex.ru In the article is examined the historical aspect of the origin and development of the concept of density of states. The importance is shown of the concept of density of states in quantum physics, solid-state physics and optics, its versatile and multidisciplinary character, its place in the modern physics. The article highlights some problematic aspects, that are important for the understanding by students the interaction of field and matter. Keywords: optics, quantum physics, solid-state physics, density of states, history of development, integral and local densities of states. On Normalization Procedure in General Physics Course V.I. Nikolaev, T.A. Bushina M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, physics department; email: bushina@rambler.ru Examples of application of the normalization procedure from the different sections of the general physics course are discussed. It is shown that in all cases the normalization is disambiguation of quantitative expression of physical value. Keywords: normalization, general physics course, potential energy, gravitational potential, probability, entropy, temperature, electrostatic potential, vector potential, hardness scale, musical scale. 177

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178 Abstracts On the System of Science Education Students Physical Specialties E.U. Semenova Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia; email: phys@herzen.spb.ru Discusses the role and content of a broad scientific education in the University training specialists in the field of physics and its teaching. Keywords: natural scientific training, fundamental preparation in physics, professional training. Biophysical Electrography Models V.V. Galanin Samara medical institute «REAVIZ» 443001, Samara, Chapaevskaya st., 227; email: galanin_v@hotmail.com In this work problems of the electrical activity simulation of biological objects, teaching in a course of physics in medical university, are discussed. Keywords: electrical activity of organs and tissues; current dipole; electrocardiography. Lissajous Сurves and Symmetry B.S. Rybin, A.E. Sergeeva Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies, Kanatnaya str, 112, 65039, Odessa, Ukraine; email: borisrybin@ukr.net,aeserg@ukr.net Lissajous figures was demonstrated to be symmetric curves. Types of symmetry inherent in these curves are considered. The concept of orientation for Lissajous figures is introduced. The effect of initial phase on the shape and orienttaion of Lissajous figures is investigated. The main results are illustrated with the help of plots. Keywords: Lissajous figures, central symmetry, mirror symmetry, mutual symmetry, oriented curve. The Remarks on Momentum and Angular Momentum of Static Fields V.I. Tsoy Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str. 83, 410012, Saratov, Russia; email: TsoyVI@info.sgu.ru The examples of transfer of a momentum of a static electromagnetic field to sources are considered. The distinction in pulses transmitted to electrical charges at switching off a magnetic field of the flat solenoid and the round solenoid is analyzed. It is shown that in some cases the transferred angular momentum of a field cannot be expressed with Poynting vector and the

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Abstracts description with the vector potential and charges is necessary. Keywords: static field momentum, Poynting vector, vector potential. Forming of Independent Work Skills as Basis of Scientific and Research Work of Students in Technical Higher Educational Institution E.N. Baulo Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University, 690087 Russia, Vladivostok, Lugovaya St. 52 b; email: bauloelena@mail.ru Organization and planning of students’ independent work let to form skills necessary for prospective specialist by means of individual learning activities. Forming of independent work skills reveals learner’s abilities, creative and research potential, that let him or her to be engaged in scientific and research work. Keywords: students’ independent work, scientific and research work, educational and research work of students. Organization and Control of the Formation of Competencies of Students in the Study of Physics L.V. Kucherenko Дальневосточный государственный технический рыбохозяйственный университет, 690087, г. Владивосток, ул. Луговая 52б, еmail: lvk07@mail.ru students direction 111500.62 Author presented the results assessment of degree of formation of competences of «Industrial fishing» in the study physics using materials of organizational and methodological support. Keywords: competence approach, ballroom-rating system, fund of assessment tools. Pedagogical Conditions of the Professional Competences Formation in Studies of Physics at Technical University O.F. Lapanik, I.M. Slabzhennikova, L.M. Jakovenko Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University 690087, Vladivostok, Lugovaya Str., 52b; email: lapanikof@rambler.ru The questions of pedagogical conditions being realized in studies of the department of Physics at the Far Eastern Fishing University are discussed in this article. Different forms and methods of self-preparation work are offered here. It is shown that studies modernization in accordance with the new education standard leads to the professional competences formation in training at Technical University. Keywords: professional competence, self-preparation work, levels of formation, studies motivation. 179

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180 Abstracts Lessons of Nanoelectronics. 6. Basics of Spintronics by «Bottom – Up» Approach Yu.A. Kruglyak Odessa State Environmental University, Odessa, Ukraine; email: quantumnet@yandex.ua Basic topics of spintronics such as spin valve, interface resistance due to mode mismatch, spin potentials, non-local spin voltage, spin moment and its transport, nanomagnet dynamics by spin current, polarizers and analyzers of spin current are discussed in the frame of the «bottom – up» approach of modern nanoelectronics. Keywords: nanophysicist, nanoelectronics, spintronika, spin gate, spin potential, spin angular momentum, spin transport, spin current, magnetization, topological dielectric, the equation of diffusion, the ballistic transport. Talbot Effect I. Diffraction on OneDimensional Gratings E.V. Smirnov, B.G. Skuybin, L.K. Martinson Bauman Moscow State Thechnical Univercity 105005, Moscow, 2th Baumanskaya, 5; email: seva09@rambler.ru The paper presents the review of research on diffraction of waves of various nature on diffraction gratings in the near zone – Fresnel diffraction. Considered are the peculiarities of selfimaging structure of the grating – carpet Talbot for cases of permeable and reflective gratings. Considered the effect of Low and possibilities of the interferometer Talbot-Low in the study of wave properties of very large molecules. Stressed the necessity of studying the Fresnel diffraction and its practical application in the course of General physics of technical universities. Keywords: diffraction gratings, self-imaging phenomenon, Talbot carpet, Talbot-Lau interferometer. NonContact Measurement of Active and Inductive Reactance of the Solenoid from the Phase Shift between the External Magnetic Field and the Induced Currents Field A.G. Chernykh Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University after V.P. Astafiev; 660049, Krasnoyarsk, st. Ada Lebedeva, 89; т. 89131826391; email: agchernyh@mail.ru There is given the description of the laboratory setup for measuring the phase difference between the «external» alternating field and the field of induction currents. It is shown that the phase difference can be determined from the ratio of the EMF induced in an inductive sensor by the external field and the field of induction currents. Based on the phase difference measurements, conducted non-contact measurement of inductive and active resistens of solenoid being investigated. Keywords: phase difference, induction sensors, non-contact measurement of electrical conductivity and inductance of the solenoid.

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Abstracts Glossary in Physics: Imperative of the Time A.V. Samokhin, M.N. Ryzhkova Muromskiy Institute (branch) OF FGOU VPO «Vladimir State University of A.G. and N.G. Stoletovs»; email: masmash@mail.ru In the article the analysis of contemporary reference materials in physics is carried out. Deficiencies in the glossaries in physics are revealed and requirements for the formation of glossary are formulated. An example of the formation of glossary in accordance with the advanced requirements is given. Keywords: glossary, physics, instruction levels. Research Experiment on Wave Optics in Level Training of Physics Teacher O.A. Rogozhnikova1,2 , K.G. Nikiforov1 1 Kaluga State University im. K.E. Tsiolkovskiy; email: kgn@kspu.kaluga.ru 2 Pridnestrovskiy State University im. T.G. Shevchenko; email: mixaol@mail.ru The actual aspects of formation of scientific competence at physics teacher training are considered. Research experiment based on the modern achievements in physical optics is described. Keywords: physics teacher, scientific competence, research experiment, wave optics. Individualization of Students’ Educational Route in Physics Training of Bachelors in the Areas of «Physics» and «Pedagogical Education» D.A. Isaev, G.M. Chulkova Moscow State Pedagogical University; 1/1 M. Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation. email: da.isaev@m.mpgu.edu, chulkova@rplab.ru This article describes the physics training of Bachelors in two areas: «Pedadodical Education» and «Physics», which is realized at the Faculty of Physics and IT of MPSU in such a way: the students of any area have an opportunity to create their own educational routes up to changing the area of education from pedagogical to scientific or vice versa. The flexibility of educational routes defined by modern normative documents has its own rather a long history and traditions at the Faculty. Keywords: block curriculum, multi-level model of education, curriculum of doubled profiles, elective courses. The Integration of the Content of Education on the Subject Basis of the Perspective of Modern High Technologies by the Preparation of Pedagogical Shots on Physics Yu.S. Ostroumova The Russian state pedagogical university of A.I. Herzen 191186, St. Petersburg, Moyka River Emb., 48; email: sinklit@mail.ru 181

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182 Abstracts The necessity is proved and the essence of the integration of the content of education is revealed by the preparation of students of pedagogical universities on physics. The possibilities of the realization of the integration of the content of the education on the subject basis of the perspective of modern high technologies are shown. Keywords: the integration of the fundamental and applied componentsof the content of education, mono- and polydisciplinary integration of knowledge, the integration of educational, research and design activities, the integration of subject and methodical preparation. The Technology of the Physical Experiment: Optical Properties of Solids М.А. Goryaev, А.P. Smirnov The Russian state pedagogical university of A.I. Herzen 191186, St. Petersburg, Moyka River Emb., 48; email: physel@mail.ru The possibility of the technological learning and of the physical experiment culture development is considered in the task of determining the powdery solids refractive index. The main studies, from the experiment setting to the final processing of the obtained results are discussed. Keywords: culture of physical experiment, refractive index, powdered materials, immersion method. On the Factors Increasing the Motivational Component in Teaching Physics in Higher Educational Establishments of EMERCOM of Russia А.N. Кrylov1 , V.I. Sluev2 1 Academy of the state fireprevention service of MChS emergency and disaster relief ministry of Russia; email: kran.84@mail.ru 2 Academy of the state fireprevention service of MChS emergency and disaster relief ministry of Russia; email: vsluev@yandex.ru The issue concerning topicality of studying physics in higher educational establishments of EMERCOM of Russia is dealt with. The conception improving the quality of studying physics in such educational establishments is offered. Additional professional knowledge which teachers of physics in higher educational establishments of EMERCOM of Russia must possess for their successful training is pointed out. Keywords: improvement in teaching physics, connection with special subjects, physics in higher educational establishments of EMERCOM of Russia. Подписано в печать 9 июня 2014 г. Формат 70х100/16. Заказ № . Тираж 400 экз. П.л. 11,4. Отпечатано в типографии ООО «Издательский Дом МФО». Москва, В333, Ленинский проспект, 53. Тел.: (499) 132 66 51

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