Humanities & Social Sciences 2 (2015 8) 349-361 ~ ~ ~ УДК 81`25 Beyond Borders: Paradoxes and Challenges Yves Gambier* University of Turku, Finland 4 Koskenniemenkatu, Turku, 20500, Finland Received 22.11.2014, received in revised form 14.12.2014, accepted 21.01.2015 The Translation and Interpreting Studies are nowadays facing professional, socio-professional, sociopolitical, technological, and pedagogical challenges. <...> The article seeks to answer three questions based on these challenges: – Why do we need a media history of translation? – To what extent is the new relationship between oral and written codes disturbing Translation Studies? – What could the possible ethical and methodological implications be? <...> These three issues have a common denominator: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) which is blurring our traditional borders and categories Keywords: digital culture, language categorization, media history, oral/written codes, text, translator ethics. <...> Introduction Translation and Interpreting Studies (understood as a fi eld of research and as training) are facing several challenges: – Professional challenges, with practices new (localization, trans-editing, multilingual technical writing, revision, etc.) – Socio-professional challenges, because of to translated professionals involved the work the large volume of documentation be and the new nonin (amateurs in crowdsourcing, fansubbers and fandubbers, activist translators in networks, children in language brokering, etc.) © Siberian Federal University. <...> All rights reserved * Corresponding author E-mail address: Yves.Cambier@utu.fi # 349 # – Socio-political challenges, when one considers alternative options to translation for cross-cultural communications, such as language learning, passive bilingualism, the use of a lingua franca, etc. – Technological changing responses – Pedagogical challenges, with more and more multimodal “texts” and hybridity between orality and literacy – implying, for instance, a rethink about priorities: Do we still need to teach simultaneous interpreting after consecutive? <...> Or train challenges, thanks to different tools and software which are user expectations and Yves Gambier. <...> Beyond Borders: Paradoxes and Challenges in translation before interpreting? <...> These three issues have a common denominator: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) which is blurring our traditional borders and categories. <...> A media history of translation When thinking of crowdsourcing or collaborative translation done by an indefi nite group of amateurs (with or without formal <...>