Чвягина
П 69
Практикум по совершенствованию владения английским
языком (на материале текстов по психологии человека для неязыковых специальностей) / Сост. <...> Части II и III направлены на развитие практических навыков
перевода с английского языка на русский и наоборот. <...> Практикум предназначен для студентов, обучающихся по специальности 020400 Психология (дисциплина "Иностранный язык
(английский)", блок ГСЭ), очной формы обучения. <...> Give your own definitions of them.
a) Cells specialized to detect certain types of energy and convert it
into neural activity.
b) Senses that are spread throughout the body rather than located in
a specific organ.
с) Decreasing responsiveness to an unchanging stimulus over time.
d) Mental process resulting from stimulation of a sense organ.
e) The portion of vertebrate central nervous system enclosed within
the skull that constitutes the organ of thought and neural coordination.
f) The increasing ability to see in the time passes
g) The mental interpretation of physical sensations produced by
stimuli from the external word.
1) Brain
2) Adaptation
3) Dark adaptation
4) Receptors
5) Sensation
6) Perception
7) Somatic senses
2. <...> Perceptual processes have four characteristics; they are automatic, selective, contextual and creative. <...> Your
brain’s perceptual processes are involved in three general activities:
1) selecting the sensations to pay attention to;
2) organizing these into recognizable patterns and shapes;
3) interpreting this organization to explain and make judgments
about the world. <...> The perceptual strategy you probably use the most is called figureground. <...> Other organizational strategies we use routinely to create order and
meaning out of those chaotic sensations are called “perceptual constancies”. <...> Part II
Turnbull is not a psychologist, but rather an anthropologist. <...> He was accompanied by a young man
(about 22 years old) named Kenge, who was from one of the local Pygmy villages. <...> Kenge always assisted Turnbull in his research as a guide
and introduced him to groups of Pygmies. <...> In the jungle where Kenge had spent his
entire life, there were no long-range views. <...> Looking out across the plain, Kenge <...>
Практикум_по_совершенствованию_владения_английским_языком_(на_материале_текстов_по_психологии_человека_для_неязыковых_специальностей).pdf
Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
Федеральное агентство по образованию
Ярославский государственный университет им. П.Г. Демидова
Кафедра иностранных языков
ПРАКТИКУМ
по совершенствованию владения английским языком
(на материале текстов по психологии человека
для неязыковых специальностей)
Рекомендовано
Научно-методическим советом университета
для студентов специальности Психология
Ярославль 2006
1
Стр.1
УДК 811.111
ББК Ш 143.21я73
П 69
Рекомендовано
Редакционно-издательским советом университета
в качестве учебного издания. План 2006 года
Рецензент
кафедра иностранных языков ЯрГУ им. П.Г. Демидова
Составители:
Т.Г. Клименко, Е.А. Невская, Н.Г. Срибная, Т.В. Чвягина
Практикум по совершенствованию владения английским
П 69
языком (на материале текстов по психологии человека для неязыковых
специальностей) / Сост. Т.Г. Клименко, Е.А. Невская,
Н.Г. Срибная, Т.В. Чвягина; Яросл. гос. ун-т. Ярославль: ЯрГУ,
2006. – 60 с.
Практикум содержит аутентичные материалы и предназначен
для совершенствования владения английским языком. Материал
практикума состоит из трех частей.
В части I совершенствуются навыки владения устной речью.
Части II и III направлены на развитие практических навыков
перевода с английского языка на русский и наоборот.
Практикум предназначен для студентов, обучающихся по специальности
020400 Психология (дисциплина "Иностранный язык
(английский)", блок ГСЭ), очной формы обучения.
УДК 811.111
ББК Ш 143.21я73
© Ярославский государственный университет, 2006
©, Т.Г. Клименко, Е.А. Невская, Н.Г. Срибная, Т.В. Чвягина, 2006
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PART I
UNIT 1. SENSATION and PERCEPTION
1 .Match the following definitions with the words given below.
Give your own definitions of them.
a) Cells specialized to detect certain types of energy and convert it
into neural activity.
b) Senses that are spread throughout the body rather than located in
a specific organ.
с) Decreasing responsiveness to an unchanging stimulus over time.
d) Mental process resulting from stimulation of a sense organ.
e) The portion of vertebrate central nervous system enclosed within
the skull that constitutes the organ of thought and neural coordination.
f) The increasing ability to see in the time passes
g) The mental interpretation of physical sensations produced by
stimuli from the external word.
1) Brain
2) Adaptation
3) Dark adaptation
4) Receptors
5) Sensation
6) Perception
7) Somatic senses
2. What is the difference between sensation and perception?
3. A visual illusion occurs when two objects produce exactly the
same retinal image but are perceived as different images. Illusions are
incorrect but not abnormal.
– Give your own definition of a visual illusion. When does it occur?
4. Perceptual processes have four characteristics; they are automatic,
selective, contextual and creative.
How do you understand these characteristics? Give examples to illustrate
them.
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What You See Is What You’ve Learned
Part I
The fact that the sensory world (what you see, hear, touch, taste and
smell) usually appears to you in an organized way is due to your abilities
of perception. Sensations are the raw materials for perception. Your
brain’s perceptual processes are involved in three general activities:
1) selecting the sensations to pay attention to;
2) organizing these into recognizable patterns and shapes;
3) interpreting this organization to explain and make judgments
about the world.
In other words, perception refers to how we take this jumble of sensations
and create meaning.
The perceptual strategy you probably use the most is called figureground.
We appear to have a natural tendency to divide sensations into
figure and ground relationships. It makes the world a much more organized
place.
Other organizational strategies we use routinely to create order and
meaning out of those chaotic sensations are called “perceptual constancies”.
These refer to our ability to know that the characteristics of objects
stay the same, even though our sensations of them may change
drastically. One of these is shape constancy. You perceive the shape of
the chair, for example, to be unchanged even though you angle of vision
changes.
Another one of these techniques is size constancy. You perceive a
familiar object as being the same size, regardless of its distance from
you.
Are these perceptual abilities learned or inborn. Research with individuals
who were blind at birth and who later gain their sight has suggested
that our ability to perceive figure-ground relationships is, at least
in part, innate, that is, present from birth. Perceptual constancies, on the
other hand, are clearly a product of experience.
Could a situation exist in which a person might grow to adulthood
and not posses some of these perceptual talents? Well, Turnbull’s brief
report published 30 years ago shed a great deal of light on these questions.
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