МИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «ЛИПЕЦКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ» ПРОГРАММНАЯ ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ, МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ И АДМИНИСТРИРОВАНИЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ СИСТЕМ, ИНФОРМАТИКА И ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНАЯ ТЕХНИКА Учебное пособие Н. <...> Б 269 Учебное пособие Программная инженерия, Математическое обеспечение и администрирование информационных систем, Информатика и вычислительная техника [Текст]: учеб. пособие / Н. <...> Supplement Texts for Supplementary Reading…………. 41 6 Lesson 1 Software Engineering Software engineering is the study and application of engineering to the design, development, and maintenance of software. <...> Thus the division between "hardware" and "software" began with abstraction being used to deal with the complexity of computing. <...> Programming languages started to appear in the 1950s and this was also another major step in abstraction. <...> Major languages such as Fortran, ALGOL, and COBOL were released in the late 1950s to deal with scientific, algorithmic, and business problems respectively. <...> The term "software engineering" was first used in 1968 as a title for the world's first conference on software engineering, sponsored and facilitated by NATO. <...> The conference was attended by international experts on software who agreed on defining best practices for software grounded in the application of engineering. <...> Some organizations have specialists to perform each of the tasks in the software development process. <...> In large projects, people may specialize in only one role. <...> In small projects, people may fill several or all roles at the same time. <...> Most software engineers and programmers work 40 hours a week. <...> However, like other workers who spend long periods in front of a computer terminal typing at a keyboard, engineers and programmers are susceptible to eyestrain, back discomfort, and hand and wrist problems. <...> ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY Words abstraction, n architecture, n contractor, n development, n employee, n engineering, n freelancer, n hardware, n keyboard, n maintenance, n practitioner, n process, n Word Combinations at the same time susceptible to to agree on to be applied to to be perceived as to be wired into, to come up with to get smth under control to perform tasks to specialize in to type at to work as programming, n software, n to address <...>
Программная_инженерия,_Математическое_обеспечение_и_администрирование_информационных_систем,_Информатика_и_вычислительная_техника.pdf
МИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ
УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«ЛИПЕЦКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
ПРОГРАММНАЯ ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ,
МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ И
АДМИНИСТРИРОВАНИЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ СИСТЕМ,
ИНФОРМАТИКА И ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНАЯ ТЕХНИКА
Учебное пособие
Н.В. Барышев
Т.А. Шумилова
М.С. Матыцина
Липецк
Липецкий государственный технический университет
2016
4
Стр.1
ББК Ш 143.21 я 7
Б 269
Рецензенты:
Е.А. Стурова, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры английского
языка ФГБОУ ВО «Липецкий государственный педагогический университет»;
Е.А. Исаев, кандидат педагогических наук, заведующий кафедрой иностранных
языков и методики их преподавания ФГБОУ ВО «Елецкий государственный
университет им. И.А. Бунина»
Барышев, Н.В.
Б 269 Учебное пособие Программная инженерия, Математическое обеспечение
и администрирование информационных систем, Информатика и
вычислительная техника [Текст]: учеб. пособие / Н.В. Барышев, Т.А.
Шумилова, М.С. Матыцина – Липецк: Изд-во Липецкого государственного
технического университета, 2016.- 48с.
ISBN 978-5-88247-771-3
Данное пособие ставит своей целью совершенствование речевых навыков
на английском языке в профессиональной сфере у студентов, обучающихся по
следующим направлениям бакалавриата: «Программная инженерия»,
«Математическое обеспечение и администрирование информационных
систем», «Информатика и вычислительная техника».
Учебный материал пособия способствует формированию у студентов
предусмотренных Федеральными государственными образовательными
стандартами соответствующих компетенций.
Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета ЛГТУ
ISBN 978-5-88247-771-3
© ФГБОУ ВО «Липецкий
государственный технический», 2016
© Барышев Н.В., Шумилова Т.А.,
Матыцина М.С., 2016
5
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C O N T E N T
1. Lesson 1. Software Engineering…………………………………………… 4
2. Lesson 2. Standards in Software………………………………………….. 12
3. Lesson 3. System Administration……………………………………...
21
4. Lesson 4. System Administration 2………………………………………. 32
5. Supplement Texts for Supplementary Reading…………........................... 41
6
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Lesson 1
Software Engineering
Software engineering is the study and application of engineering to the design,
development, and maintenance of software.
History
When the first digital computers appeared in the early 1940s, the instructions to
make them operate were wired into the machine. Practitioners quickly realized that
this design was not flexible and came up with the "stored program architecture" or
von Neumann architecture. Thus the division between "hardware" and "software"
began with abstraction being used to deal with the complexity of computing.
Programming languages started to appear in the 1950s and this was also
another major step in abstraction. Major languages such as Fortran, ALGOL, and
COBOL were released in the late 1950s to deal with scientific, algorithmic, and
business problems respectively. The term "software engineering" was first used in
1968 as a title for the world's first conference on software engineering, sponsored and
facilitated by NATO. The conference was attended by international experts on
software who agreed on defining best practices for software grounded in the
application of engineering. The result of the conference is a report that defines how
software should be developed [i.e., software engineering foundations]. The original
report is publicly available.
The discipline of software engineering was created to address poor quality of
software, get projects exceeding time and budget under control, and ensure that
software is built systematically, rigorously, measurably, on time, on budget, and
within specification. Engineering already addresses all these issues, hence the same
principles used in engineering can be applied to software. The widespread lack of
best practices for software at the time was perceived as a "software crisis".
Employment
Many software engineers work as employees or contractors. Software
engineers work with businesses, government agencies (civilian or military), and non7
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