МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РФ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ» BASIC LEGAL CONCEPTS Учебно-методическое пособие Составители: Н. <...> Пособие состоит из трех разделов (units), в центре каждого из которых текст, в ходе работы с которым отрабатываются рецептивные и продуктивные виды речевой деятельности. <...> Данное пособие соответствует принципам коммуникативной направленности, культурной и педагогической целесообразности, а также позволит студентам соответствовать уровню выпускных требований по дисциплине «Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции (английский)» с учетом специфики вуза и потребностей студентов. 4 UNIT 1: WHY DO WE NEED LAWS? <...> Warming-up activity What for have people created laws? <...> While speaking, use the following word combinations: 1) rules imposed by morality and custom – правила, предписанные моралью и обычаем; 2) rules made by the state or the courts – нормы,создаваемые государством и судами; 3) to control or alter our behavior – управлять и вносить изменения в наше поведение; 4) to safeguard our personal property and our lives – охранять нашу личную собственность и наши жизни; 5) a well-ordered society- высокоорганизованное общество; 6) to ensure a safe and peaceful society – обеспечивать безопасное и мирное существование; 7) to punish people without a trial – наказывать людей без суда и следствия; 8) to respect individual rights –уважать права человека; 9) to give effect to social policies –оказывать влияние на социальную политику; 10) to protect liberty and equality – защищать свободу и равенство. <...> There are also rules imposed by morality and custom that play an important role in telling us what we should and should not do. <...> But unlike rules of morality, laws are enforced by the courts; if you break a law - whether you like that law or not – you may be forced to pay a fine, pay damages, or go to prison. <...> If we did not live in a society with other people, laws would not be necessary. <...> We would <...>
Basic_legal_concepts_.pdf
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РФ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
BASIC LEGAL CONCEPTS
Учебно-методическое пособие
Составители:
Н.В. Васильченко
А.Ю.Климова
А.Б.Пешкова
Воронеж
Издательский дом ВГУ
2015
1
Стр.1
Содержание
Пояснительная записка……………………………………………………...….4
Unit 1: Why do we Need Laws .……………….………………………………..5
Unit 2: Law and Society (Part 1)………………………………….…………...…9
Unit 2: Causes of Crime (Part 2)……………………………………………….12
Unit 3: Law and Justice …………………………………..……………………16
Библиографический список………………………………………………….23
3
Стр.3
street. If people were allowed to choose at random which side of the street to
drive on, driving would be dangerous and chaotic. Laws regulating our business
affairs help to ensure that people keep their promises. Laws against criminal
conduct help to safeguard our personal property and our lives.
Even in a well-ordered society, people have disagreements and conflicts
arise. The law must provide a way to resolve these disputes peacefully. If two
people claim to own the same piece of property, we do not want the matter settled
by a duel: we turn to the law and to institutions like the courts to decide who the
real owner is and to make sure that the real owner’s rights are respected.
We need law, then, to ensure a safe and peaceful society in which
individuals’ rights are respected. But we expect even more from our law. Some
totalitarian governments have cruel and arbitrary laws, enforced by police forces
free to arrest and punish people without trial. Strong-arm tactics may provide a
great deal of order, but we reject this form of control. The legal system should
respect individual rights while, at the same time, ensuring that society operates in
an orderly manner. And society should believe in the Rule of Law, which means
that the law applies to every person, including members of the police and other
public officials, who must carry out their public duties in accordance with the
law.
In our society laws are not only designed to govern our conduct: they are
also intended to give effect to social policies. For example, some laws provide for
benefits when workers are injured on the job, for health care, as well as for loans
to students who otherwise might not be able to go to university.
Another goal of the law is fairness. This means that the law should
recognize and protect certain basic individual rights and freedoms, such as liberty
and equality. The law also serves to ensure that strong groups and individuals do
not use their powerful positions in society to take unfair advantage of weaker
individuals.
However, despite the best intentions, laws are sometimes created so that
people later recognize as being unjust or unfair. In a democratic society, laws are
not carved in stone, but must reflect the changing needs of society. In a
democracy, anyone who feels that a particular law is flawed has the right to speak
out publicly and to change the law by lawful means.
Task 2. Match the English word combinations to their Russian equivalents
1) the purpose of law,
2) to live in society
3) to choose at random
4) to safeguard our personal property and
our lives
а) уважать права отдельного человека
b)
отражать изменяющиеся потребности
общества
c) иметь разногласия и конфликты
d) верить в верховенство закона
5) to have disagreements and conflicts e) назначение( цель) права
6
Стр.6
6) to resolve disputes peacefully
7) to turn to the law
8) to respect individual rights
9) to arrest and punish people without
trial
10) to believe in the Rule of Law
11) in accordance with the law
12) to protect basic individual rights
and freedoms
13) to reflect the changing needs of
society
f) защищать основные права и свободы
g)
иметь право открыто высказать
свое мнение
h) жить в обществе
i) выбирать что-либо наугад
j) стремиться изменить закон
законными средствами
k) арестовывать и наказывать людей
без суда и следствия
l) охранять нашу собственность и
жизнь
m) в соответствии с законом
Task 3. Complete the following sentences according to the text.
1. Almost everything we do is governed by…
a) rules imposed by morality;
b) the courts;
c) some set of rules.
2. If we didn’t live in a structured society with other people…
a) we would simply do as we please;
b) we would simply do with little regard for others;
c) laws would not be necessary.
3. Laws against criminal conduct help …
a) to protect our property;
b) to take advantage of other individuals;
c) to safeguard our personal property and our lives.
4. We turn to the law…
a) to resolve disputes peacefully;
b) to decide who the real owner is;
c) to force people to keep their promises.
5. Another goal of the law is…
a) to protect certain basic individual rights and freedoms;
b) fairness;
c) to provide for benefits.
Task 4. Complete the following text by translating the words and
expressions in brackets:
The aim of (права) is to regulate the conduct of human beings in society. The aim
of (правовой) theory is (рассмотреть) the nature, origin and classification of
law. The theory of natural law is based on the belief that there is a set of perfect
7
Стр.7
(юридических норм) for human conduct and (законы) devised by men must be
induced by these rules. (Закон) is a term which is used in many different senses.
To (юриста) law has a far narrower meaning – the principle recognized and
applied by the state in (суде).The English (правовая система) has still been
copied by many nations.(Судебный процесс) becomes the center of a contest
between both parties in which one emerges as the winner. By the time of
(судебного разбирательства) each (сторона дела) should gain as much
information as possible.
Task 5. Answer the following questions.
1. What kind of society do we live in?
2. What is the society governed by?
3. What is the difference between laws and rules of morality?
4. Why do rules of morality and custom play an important role in our life?
5. Why are laws designed to control our behavior?
6. What are the goals of law?
7. When do people turn to the law?
8. Why do we need law?
Task 6. Make the summary of the text using the following scheme.
1. The author believes …
2. Firstly the author points at …
3. Secondly the author supposes…
4. Thirdly the author thinks…
5. Finally the author concludes…
Task 7. Discuss the following:
1. It is the duty and responsibility of every citizen to uphold and obey the laws.
2. Laws reflect the traditions of the people as to what is right, proper and just.
3. Compare the system of laws of the United States of America with some other
countries.
4. Constitution – the basic system of laws – should never be changed.
5. It is not laws, but politics, that determine citizens’ rights.
6. However hard people try, laws are always insufficient.
The following expressions can help you:
I quite agree here.
Naturally. Certainly. Sure. Exactly. Definitely. Quite.
Most likely. Absolutely.
I couldn’t agree more.
Beyond all doubt.
I’m afraid I don’t agree.
I’m not so sure.
8
Стр.8