МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РФ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ» LAW AND SOCIETY Учебно-методическое пособие для вузов Составители: А. <...> Пешкова Воронеж Издательский дом 2014 Утверждено научно-методическим советом факультета романо-германской филологии 25 февраля 2014 г., протокол № 2 Рецензент канд. филол. наук, доцент ВГУ С. <...> Трухина Учебно-методическое пособие подготовлено на кафедре английского языка гуманитарных факультетов факультета романо-германской филологии Воронежского государственного университета. <...> Пояснительная записка Данное учебно-методическое пособие “Law and Society” рекомендуется для студентов 1 курса дневного отделения юридического факультета. <...> Пособие состоит из трех разделов (units), в центре каждого из которых – текст, в ходе работы с которым отрабатываются рецептивные и продуктивные виды речевой деятельности. <...> Warming-up activity What for have people created laws? <...> While speaking, use the following word combinations: 1) rules imposed by morality and custom – правила, предписанные моралью и обычаем 2) rules made by the state or the courts – нормы,создаваемые государством и судами 3) to control or alter our behavior – управлять и вносить изменения в наше поведение 4) to safeguard our personal property and our lives – охранять нашу личную собственность и наши жизни 5) a well-ordered society- высокоорганизованное общество 6) to ensure a safe and peaceful society –обеспечивать безопасное и мирное существование 7) to punish people without a trial – наказывать людей без суда и следствия 8) to respect individual rights –уважать права человека 9) to give effect to social policies –оказывать влияние на социальную политику 10) to protect liberty and equality – защищать свободу и равенство 6 Task 1. <...> There are also rules imposed by morality and custom that play an important role in telling us what we should and should not do. <...> But unlike rules of morality, laws are enforced by the courts; if you break a law - whether you like that law or not – you may be forced to pay <...>
Law_and_Society.pdf
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РФ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ
БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
LAW AND SOCIETY
Учебно-методическое пособие для вузов
Составители:
А.Ю. Климова,
А.Б. Пешкова
Воронеж
Издательский дом
2014
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Содержание
1. Содержание……………………………………………………………………3
2. Пояснительная записка……………………………………………………….4
3. Unit 1.Why do we Need Laws .……………….………………………………6
4. Unit 2.Part 1 Law and Society ………………………………….……………12
5. Unit 2. Part 2 Causes of Crime……………………………………………….16
6. Unit 3. Law and Justice ………………………………………………………22
7. Библиография………………………………………………………………..32
3
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UNIT 1
WHY DO WE NEED LAWS?
Warming-up activity
What for have people created laws?
Do you agree that laws haven’t changed since primeval times?
What is the role of a law?
Can we do without a system of laws?
While speaking, use the following word combinations:
1) rules imposed by morality and custom – правила, предписанные моралью и
обычаем
2) rules made by the state or the courts – нормы,создаваемые государством и
судами
3) to control or alter our behavior – управлять и вносить изменения в наше поведение
4)
to safeguard our personal property and our lives – охранять нашу личную
собственность и наши жизни
5) a well-ordered society- высокоорганизованное общество
6) to ensure a safe and peaceful society –обеспечивать безопасное и мирное
существование
7) to punish people without a trial – наказывать людей без суда и следствия
8) to respect individual rights –уважать права человека
9) to give effect to social policies –оказывать влияние на социальную политику
10)
to protect liberty and equality – защищать свободу и равенство
6
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Task 1. Read the text and find more reasons for the creation of laws.
Why do we Need Laws?
Almost everything we do is governed by some set of rules. There are rules
for games, for social clubs, for sports and for adults in the workplace. There are
also rules imposed by morality and custom that play an important role in telling
us what we should and should not do. However, some rules – those made by the
state or the courts – are called “laws”. Laws are designed to control or alter our
behavior. But unlike rules of morality, laws are enforced by the courts; if you
break a law - whether you like that law or not – you may be forced to pay a fine,
pay damages, or go to prison.
Why are some rules so special that they are made into laws? Why do we
need rules that everyone must obey? What is the purpose of law?
If we did not live in a society with other people, laws would not be necessary.
We would simply do as we please, with little regard for others. But ever
since individuals began to associate with other people – to live in society – laws
have been the glue that has kept society together. For example, the law in our
country states that we must drive our cars on the right-hand side of a two-way
street. If people were allowed to choose at random which side of the street to
drive on, driving would be dangerous and chaotic. Laws regulating our business
affairs help to ensure that people keep their promises. Laws against criminal conduct
help to safeguard our personal property and our lives.
Even in a well-ordered society, people have disagreements and conflicts
arise. The law must provide a way to resolve these disputes peacefully. If two
people claim to own the same piece of property, we do not want the matter settled
by a duel: we turn to the law and to institutions like the courts to decide who the
real owner is and to make sure that the real owner’s rights are respected.
We need law, then, to ensure a safe and peaceful society in which individuals’
rights are respected. But we expect even more from our law. Some totalitar7
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ian governments have cruel and arbitrary laws, enforced by police forces free to
arrest and punish people without trial. Strong-arm tactics may provide a great
deal of order, but we reject this form of control. The legal system should respect
individual rights while, at the same time, ensuring that society operates in an orderly
manner. And society should believe in the Rule of Law, which means that
the law applies to every person, including members of the police and other public
officials, who must carry out their public duties in accordance with the law.
In our society laws are not only designed to govern our conduct: they are
also intended to give effect to social policies. For example, some laws provide for
benefits when workers are injured on the job, for health care, as well as for loans
to students who otherwise might not be able to go to university.
Another goal of the law is fairness. This means that the law should recognize
and protect certain basic individual rights and freedoms, such as liberty and
equality. The law also serves to ensure that strong groups and individuals do not
use their powerful positions in society to take unfair advantage of weaker individuals.
However,
despite the best intentions, laws are sometimes created so that
people later recognize as being unjust or unfair. In a democratic society, laws are
not carved in stone, but must reflect the changing needs of society. In a democracy,
anyone who feels that a particular law is flawed has the right to speak out
publicly and to change the law by lawful means.
Task 2. Match the English word combinations to their Russian equivalents.
1) the purpose of law,
2) to live in society
3) to choose at random
4) to safeguard our personal property
and our lives
а) уважать права отдельного человека
b) отражать изменяющиеся потребности общества
c)
иметь разногласия и конфликты
d) верить в верховенство закона
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