Для направления 080100 – Экономика 2 Пояснительная записка Учебно-методическое пособие “Accounting Issues” представляет собой вторую часть учебно-методического комплекса, предназначенного для подготовки студентов-экономистов в области бухгалтерского учета и аудита. <...> В комплекс также входят учебно-методические пособия “Introducing Accounting” – часть 1 и “Practice Vocabulary & Reading Tests (Accounting)” – часть 3. <...> ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND THE BALANCE SHEET . 5 Unit 2. <...> GETTING PAID . 37 Follow-up activities . 47 4 Unit 1 ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND THE BALANCE SHEET Lead-in Read the key information about assets, liabilities and the balance sheet and study the examples afterwards A Assets CURRENT ASSETS FIXED ASSETS INTANGIBLE ASSETS An asset is something that has value, or the power to earn money. <...> These include: – current assets: money in the hank, investments that can easily be turned into money, money that customers owe, stocks of goods that are going to be sold. intangible assets: things which you cannot see. <...> For example, goodwill: a company's good reputation with existing customers, and brands: established brands have the power to earn money. <...> If a company is sold as a going concern, it has value as a profit-making operation, or one that could make a profit. – – 5 fixed assets: equipment, machinery, buildings and land. <...> B Depreciation Joanna Cassidy is head of IT (Information Technology) in a publishing company: ‘Assets such as machinery and equipment lose value over time because they wear out, or are no longer up-to-date. <...> For example, when we buy new computers, we depreciate them or amortize them over a very short period, usually three years, and a charge for this is shown in the financial records: the value of the equipment is written down each year and written off completely at the end. <...> The value of an asset at any one time is its book value. <...> But computers could only be sold for less than book value.' C Liabilities Liabilities are a company's debts to suppliers, lenders, the tax authorities, etc. <...> Debts that have to be paid within a year are current liabilities, and those payable in more <...>
УМК_по_английскому_языку._Часть_2__Accounting_Issues.pdf
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РФ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
УМК ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ, ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ
ПО НАПРАВЛЕНИЮ 080100 «ЭКОНОМИКА»,
БЛОК ДИСЦИПЛИН «БУХГАЛТЕРСКИЙ УЧЕТ,
АНАЛИЗ И АУДИТ»
Часть 2
ACCOUNTING ISSUES
Составитель
А.В. Малюгина
Издательско-полиграфический центр
Воронежского государственного университета
2012
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Пояснительная записка
Учебно-методическое пособие “Accounting Issues” представляет
собой вторую часть учебно-методического комплекса, предназначенного
для подготовки студентов-экономистов в области бухгалтерского учета и
аудита. В комплекс также входят учебно-методические пособия “Introducing
Accounting” – часть 1 и “Practice Vocabulary & Reading Tests (Accounting)” –
часть 3.
Цель данного пособия состоит в дальнейшем развитии языковых
навыков учащихся в рамках 5 профессиональных тем в области бухгалтерского
учета: «Активы, пассивы, балансовый отчет», «Отчет о прибылях
и убытках», «Издержки, снижение затрат», «Налогообложение», «Осуществление
платежей». В каждой теме представлены тексты, которые снабжены
системой заданий, обеспечивающих многократное повторение лексического
(в том числе и терминологического) материала. Предтекстовые задания
снимают терминологические трудности и способствуют накоплению словарного
запаса, необходимого для работы над текстами по данной тематике.
Каждый раздел заканчивается заданиями, при выполнении которых
студенты работают самостоятельно, в парах или группах, развивая коммуникативные
навыки. Работа с каждой частью пособия рассчитана на 6–8
часов аудиторной и внеаудиторной работы.
3
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B
Depreciation
Joanna Cassidy is head of IT (Information Technology) in a publishing
company:
‘Assets such as machinery and equipment lose value over time because
they wear out, or are no longer up-to-date. This is called depreciation or
amortization. For example, when we buy new computers, we depreciate them
or amortize them over a very short period, usually three years, and a charge for
this is shown in the financial records: the value of the equipment is written down
each year and written off completely at the end.
The value of an asset at any one time is its book value. This isn't
necessarily the amount that it could be sold for at that time. For example, land or
buildings may be worth more than shown in the accounts, because they have
increased in value. But computers could only be sold for less than book value.'
C
Liabilities
Liabilities are a company's debts to suppliers, lenders, the tax authorities,
etc. Debts that have to be paid within a year are current liabilities, and those
payable in more than a year are long-term liabilities, for example bank loans.
D
Balance sheet
balance sheet
off-balance sheet
strong balance sheet
weak balance sheet
provision
bad debts
write off
Assets and liabilities are normally shown on firm’s
balance sheet: a ‘photograph’ taken, normally
once a year, of its financial situation at that time.
Firms in a good situation are said to have a strong
balance sheet and those that are not, a week one.
Things that are not shown in the balance sheet but
in a footnote, for example, are off-balance sheet.
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A company’s balance sheet may include provisions for potential losses,
such as bad debts, debts that may never be paid. If it looks almost certain that a
debt will not be paid, it is considered a write-off and written off.
A company's balance sheet gives a picture of its assets and liabilities at the
end of a particular period, usually the 12-month period of its financial year. This
is not necessarily January to December.
LANGUAGE NOTE
Off-balance sheet is also spelled off-balance-sheet.
Provisions are reserves in America English. Do not confuse this with the
British English meaning of reserves.
Examples
a) Total has a strong balance sheet: debt has fallen from 37% of equity to
25% since 1989.
b) Unlike Toyota, which is known as the ‘Toyota Bank’ because of the
huge pile of cash on which it sits, Nissan still has a weak balance sheet.
c) Another frequently quoted term in modern accounting is ‘off-balance
sheet’. Assets as well as liabilities are removed from the balance sheet of the
company concerned, and there may also be some impact on the profit-and-loss
account. But the usual aim is to reduce a company’s apparent gearing.
d) At Lloyd’s Bank, bad debt provisions fell by almost £100 million to
£329 million, helped by an improvement in Third World country debts.
e) Bankers Trust New York Corp reported a third-quarter loss of $1.72
billion following its $1.6 billion boots in reserves for losses on loans to lessdeveloped
countries.
f) The ministry is allowing banks to pretend that bad debts remain good,
in order to keep their profits up. In time though, many bad loans will have to be
written off, further depleting capital.
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Vocabulary Practice
Match the words or phrases on the left with the correct definition (a – i). Use
the grid below. (See example):
1. intangible assets
2. fixed assets
3. liquidity
4. depreciation
5. current assets
6. dividend
7. liabilities
8. liquid assets
9. overdraft
a) The money paid to shareholders out
profits.
of
b) Regular costs and money owed.
c) Any investments, cheques, bank deposits, stock or
work-in-progress that can easily be converted into
cash.
d) Assets which can be used to make immediate
payments.
e) Property, land and equipment which is not
normally intended for immediate sale.
f) Brand names, patents, rights, trade marks and
licences which may be the major part of a
company’s wealth.
g) The total amount borrowed from a bank.
h) The ability of a company to pay suppliers,
employees, shareholders, tax authorities, etc.
i) The national fall in value of equipment over time.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
f
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