МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РФ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ ПО РАБОТЕ
С ВИДЕОФИЛЬМОМ ПО ИСТОРИИ БРИТАНИИ
«BBC HISTORY OF BRITAIN»
Учебно-методическое пособие
Составители:
Я.Н. Еремеев,
О.В. Ивашенко,
Н.А. Шарова
Воронеж
Издательский дом ВГУ
2016
1
Стр.1
Contents
Методическая записка
Useful Tips
Simon Michael Schama
I. Beginnings
II. Conquest
III. Dynasty
IV. Nations
V. King Death
VI. Burning Convictions
VII. The Body of the Queen
VIII. The British Wars
IX. Revolutions
X. Britannia Incorporated
XI. The Wrong Empire
XII. Forces of Nature
XIII. Victoria and Her Sisters
XIV. The Empire of Good Intentions
XV. The Two Winstons
The Key
References
4
6
7
8
16
19
24
29
33
45
55
62
64
71
77
84
90
98
109
112
3
Стр.3
Useful tips: how to pronounce historical expressions
Years
1666 = sixteen sixty-six; 1705 = seventeen-oh-five;
1800 = eighteen hundred; 1914 = nineteen fourteen;
2000 = the year two thousand; 2006 =two thousand and six
Decades
the 1790s= the seventeen-nineties
the 191Os = the nineteen-tens
Centuries
1500-1599 = the sixteenth century; 1700s= the seventeen hundreds
the XX century = the twentieth century; the XXI century = the twenty-first century;
the 1280s= the end of the thirteenth century
Abbreviations
CE/c.e. = Common/Current/Christian Era. Another way of indicating the
same period is
AD the traditional calendar era, Anno Domini .
BCE/b.c.e. = Before the Common/Current/Christian Era (an alternative to
Before Christ, abbreviated BC).
The two notations (CE/BCE and AD/BC) are equivalent; thus "2013 CE" = "AD
2013" and
"399 BCE" = "399 BC".
Kings' and Queens' Names
For rulers we use Roman numbers:
Elizabeth I = Elizabeth the First
Elizabeth II = Elizabeth the Second
George III = George the Third
George IV = George the Fourth
6
Стр.6
Simon Michael Schama, CBE* (Commander of the Order of the British
Empire) was born 13 February 1945 in London. Simon Schama is a British historian
and art historian. He is a University Professor of History and Art History
at Columbia University. He is best known for writing and hosting the 15-part
BBC documentary series A History of Britain. Other works on history and art include
The Embarrassment of Riches, Landscape and Memory, Dead Certainties,
Rembrandt's Eyes, and his history of the French Revolution,
Citizens. Schama is an art and cultural critic for The New Yorker. He worked
for short periods as a lecturer in history at Cambridge, where he became a Fellow
and Director of Studies in History, and at Oxford, where he was made a Fellow
of Brasenose College in 1976, specialising in the French Revolution.
In 1980
Schama took up a chair at Harvard University. The year 2000 saw Schama return
to the UK, having been commissioned by the BBC to produce a series of television
documentary programmes on British history as part of their Millennium celebrations,
under the title A History of Britain. Schama wrote and presented the
episodes himself, in a friendly and often jocular style with his highly characteristic
delivery, and was rewarded with excellent reviews and unexpectedly high ratings.
Three series were made, totalling 15 episodes covering the complete span of
British history up until 1965; it went on to become one of the BBC's best-selling
documentary series on DVD.
www.imdb.com/name/nm0769988/
* CBE is a special honour given to some British people for things they have done
for their country.
7
Стр.7
I. "Beginnings"
3100 BC – 1000 AD. Stone age. Village of Skara Brae, Orkney. Over the
next four thousand years Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, Danes, and Christian
missionaries arrive, fight, settle and leave their mark on what will become the nations
of Britain.
Task 1. Before watching the first part of the film, look through the brief timeline
of the period.
250,000 – 300,000 Earliest pre-human and human archaeological finds.
ca. 25,000 BC – 9,000 BC - Northern Europe was plunged into a deep Ice Age
8,500 BC - British Isles separate from Continent. Thanks to higher sea levels,
Ireland and Britain become separate islands divided by the Irish Sea. A warmer
climate led to the growth of forests all over Britain.
ca. 6,000 BC Beginning of Neolithic (Stone) Age in Britain. The cultivation of
previously wild plants encouraged the growth of permanent farming settlements.
Animals were domesticated.
ca. 3000 BC Start of Stonehenge construction.
ca. 2300 BC Beginning of Bronze Age in Europe.
ca. 2000 BC Use of Stonehenge declines.
ca. 1500 BC Change in climate leads to sharp decline in population.
sixth century BC Beginning of Iron Age and Celtic culture in Britain.
ca. 325 BC Greek traveler Pytheas of Massilia circumnavigates Britain.
55 BC First Roman invasion of Britain, under Julius Caesar.
8
Стр.8
43AD Roman invasion under Claudius followed by conquest of most of Britain.
306
Constantine is proclaimed emperor at York.
410 The end of Roman rule in Britain.
(Burns 2010); (Dargie 2007)
Task 2. Listen to the introduction and fill in the gaps in the text.
From its earliest days 1)……… was an object of desire. Tacitus, a Roman writer
and historian, 2)…….. it worth a conquest. Britannia was thought to be rich in
3)…., 4)……., 5)……. As far as the Romans were concerned Britannia was the
6) …. of the world, but it was the edge of their world. If the Romans had traveled
to the northernmost part of the islands (Orkney), they would have seen unmistakable
signs of a 7)………… thousands of years older than the Rome.
Task 3. Find answers to the following questions and write a short summary
of Part 1:
• Where are the remains of Stone Age life most abundant?
abundant – обильны, многочисленны
• What is the name of the Neolithic village that is circa 5000 years old and
was discovered in 1850?
circa – около
• Who robbed the tombs in Scara Brae but left there their own legacy in the
form of graffiti? (the Vikings)
tombs – гробницы, захоронения
• What were the most distinctive features of life of Stone Age people in Britain?
Describe
their settlements, houses, burials, everyday activities, eating habits,
tools, art
oysters – устрицы
thriving bustling communities – процветающие поселения с активным
населением
hearth – очаг
dressers – кухонные шкафы
ivory necklaces – бусы из слоновой кости
rudimentary tools – примитивные инструменты
Solstice – равноденствие
hoi polloi - обычные люди
game – дичь, дикие животные
shield – щит
• Was Britain really an unbroken forest kingdom stretching from Cornwall to
Inverness?
9
Стр.9
• How did the life in Britain change in Iron Age (tools, settlements, social
life, art and craftsmanship, cults)?
grisly brutality of the Druids – ужасная жестокость Друидов;
decapitated heads – отделенные от тел головы;
• Why were hill forts, towers and walls built in the Iron Age?
• How and when did Romans conquer Britain (Caesar’s campaigns,
Claudius’s campaign, Boadicea’s revolt, Colchester burnt, Hadrian’s wall)?
the lure of treasure – соблазн сокровищ
seductive – соблазнительный
what Roman generals craved the most – чего особенно жаждали римские
генералы
perennial secret British weapon, the weather – извечное секретное
оружие британцев, погода
carrot and stick – кнут и пряник (морковь и палка)
oppida – укрепленная группа жилищ
ally – союзник, сподвижник
to realise on which side their bread was buttered – понимать, где выгода
public
flogging – публичная порка
Her great insurrection ended in a gory, chaotic slaughter – Ее великое
восстание закончилось кровавым, хаотичным побоищем
• What innovations did the Romans introduce to Britain? Describe the main
features of life in Roman Britain. How did the Roman rule end?
genuine fusion – истинное слияние
vulnerability – уязвимость
• Describe the political and social situation in Britain after the withdrawal of
Romans. What is meant by “the vacuum of power” in 5th c. Britain? What were
the main stages and the aftermath of the Anglo-Saxon invasion? Describe the relationship
between the British and Anglo-Saxons during the period.
…seemed a boon not a curse – казались благом, а не проклятием
blunder – серьезная ошибка
• What were the principal features of Anglo-Saxon society and way of life?
• How did the conversion of Britain to Christianity take place? (St. Patrick,
Augustine, Venerable Bede)
conversion – обращение в христианство
Gospel – Евангелие
pagan – языческий
• Describe the arrival of Vikings in Britain (raids, plunder, slavery). How did
the unification of England in the face of Viking threat take place? What was
the role of Alfred the Great in this process?
heathen men – язычники
plunder – грабеж, грабить
10
Стр.10