International Scientific-Technical and Production Journal
November
2010
# 11
English translation of the monthly «Avtomaticheskaya Svarka» (Automatic Welding) journal published in Russian since 1948
Editor-in-Chief B.E.Paton
Yu.S.Borisov V.F.Khorunov
A.Ya.Ishchenko I.V.Krivtsun
B.V.Khitrovskaya L.M.Lobanov
V.I.Kirian A.A.Mazur
S.I.Kuchuk-Yatsenko
Yu.N.Lankin I.K.Pokhodnya
V.N.Lipodaev V.D.Poznyakov
V.I.Makhnenko K.A.Yushchenko
O.K.Nazarenko A.T.Zelnichenko
I.A.Ryabtsev
CONTENTS
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
. and
. Effect of nanofoil of the Ni—NbC system on structure
of electron beam welds in heat-resistant alloys ..................................... 2
. and
.
Structure and properties of arc-welded joints on steel 10G2FB ............. 8
. and
.
N.P.Alyoshin (Russia)
U.Diltey (Germany)
Guan Qiao (China)
D. von Hofe (Germany)
V.I.Lysak (Russia)
N.I.Nikiforov (Russia)
B.E.Paton (Ukraine)
Ya.Pilarczyk (Poland)
G.A.Turichin (Russia)
Zhang Yanmin (China)
A.S.Zubchenko (Russia)
V.N.Lipodaev, V.I.Lokteva
A.T.Zelnichenko (exec. director)
A.A.Fomin, O.S.Kurochko,
I.N.Kutianova, T.K.Vasilenko
N.A.Dmitrieva
D.I.Sereda, T.Yu.Snegiryova
Strength of brazed joints on heat-resistant nickel alloy
Inconel 718 produced by using palladium brazing filler metals ............. 12
. and
. Features of weld formation
and properties of aluminium and magnesium alloy joints under
simulated space conditions ................................................................. 16
. and
. Improvement of the technology for arc spot
welding of overlap joints based on the results of mathematical
modelling ........................................................................................... 21
. and
INDUSTRIAL
. and
. Trends
in improvement of auxiliary equipment for welding production .............. 31
. and
. Image processing for automated
robotic welding ................................................................................... 35
. and
. Optimisation of parameters
of additional gas shielding in submerged arc welding and
surfacing of copper and its alloys ........................................................ 38
. Half-century anniversary of the first exhibition
State Registration Certificate
KV 4790 of 09.01.2001
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© PWI, International Association «Welding», 2010
of achievements of welding production ................................................ 41
BRIEF INFORMATION
. and
. Selection of current
sensor position in high-voltage power sources of welding guns ............ 45
Theses for a scientific degree ............................................................. 46
NEWS
News .................................................................................................. 48
International Conference «MEE-2010» ................................................. 49
Technical Seminar «Aircraft Construction – Technologies and
Equipment for Welding» ...................................................................... 50
. Improvement of
cyclic fatigue life of metallic materials and welded joints by
treatment by pulsed electric current .................................................... 27
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Стр.1
EFFECT OF NANOFOIL OF THE Ni—NbC SYSTEM
ON STRUCTURE OF ELECTRON BEAM WELDS
IN HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOYS
K.A. YUSHCHENKO, A.I. USTINOV, B.A. ZADERY, V.S. SAVCHENKO, T.V. MELNICHENKO,
V.V. KURENKOVA, A.V. ZVYAGINTSEVA and I.S. GAKH
E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, NASU, Kiev, Ukraine
The effect of niobium carbide nanoparticles on structure and properties of electron beam welds in nickel alloys was
studied. Alloying of the weld metal with niobium carbide nanoparticles was performed by adding composite nanostructured
foil of the Ni—NbC system into the weld pool. The foil was produced by electron beam evaporation of the components
in vacuum, followed by combined deposition of their vapour flows on the substrate. Adding the niobium carbide
nanoparticles into the weld pool was shown to lead to formation of crystalline grains with a cellular structure within
the weld zone, with the NbC particles located along the boundaries of the above grains. The effect of this structure of
the welds on their mechanical properties was analysed.
Keywords: electron beam welding, electron beam evaporation,
nickel alloy, weld, foil, alloying, modification, niobium
monocarbide, nanoparticles, intragranular substructure
Main difficulties in welding heat-resistant precipitation-hardening
nickel-base alloys are associated with
the need to prevent hot cracking of the welds and
provide the welded joints with a required set of mechanical,
technological and service properties. One of
the ways of addressing these problems is optimisation
of alloying of the weld metal. The alloying elements
of choice in this case are those that improve high-temperature
ductility of the weld (even at the expense of
decreasing its strength compared to that of the base
metal). Cracking of the weld metal and HAZ can be
avoided by adding molybdenum, vanadium, cobalt,
manganese, titanium, boron, rhenium, hafnium and
yttrium, as well as their borides, oxides and carbides
to the weld metal, and by controlling the welding
process [1—5].
However, traditional methods used for alloying
the welds have a number of drawbacks. For example,
alloying the weld metal with molybdenum and tungsten
decreases high-temperature corrosion resistance,
presence of boron reduces heat resistance, and adding
rhenium, hafnium and yttrium is difficult to implement
in terms of technology. In this connection, optimisation
of a method of alloying the weld metal in
welding heat-resistant precipitation-hardening nickel
alloys is a problem of current importance.
One of the most common metallurgical methods
for preventing hot cracking is refining of structure of
the weld metal and HAZ by alloying the weld pool
with modifiers [6—8]. Adding small amounts of nitrides,
carbides, oxides and other elements promotes
formation of fine-grained structure of the weld metal
owing to heterogeneous solidification [9]. Modification
also contributes to the intensity of the diffusion
2
processes in the melt and promotes lowering of the
level of liquation in the weld metal [7].
Positive results were obtained from using thin composite
foils consisting of components of a nanosized
scale as a filler metal in fusion welding or as a transition
element in pressure welding [10, 11]. Such foils
produced by combined condensation of various components
from the vapour phase and containing
nanoparticles provide activation of the diffusion processes
during welding [12—15]. Supposedly, adding refractory
nanoparticles to the weld pool will also promote
increase in the number of solidification centres
and, eventually, grain refining, formation of equiaxed
structure and uniform distribution of alloying elements
in the weld metal.
By an example of model materials (nickel), this
study considers the possibility of modifying structure
of the welds by using fillers in the form of foils that
contain nanosized carbide phases, and gives estimation
of strength properties of the resulting welded joints.
Pure nickel being the base of heat-resistant alloys
was used as a model material to evaluate the effect of
nanoparticles added to the weld pool on structure of
the weld metal. Chemical composition of alloying
filler metals was selected allowing for the requirement
of filler and base metal matching. From this standpoint,
the preference was given to niobium monocarbide,
which is characterised by high thermodynamic
stability and used as a structural component of many
heat-resistant alloys.
The filler metal based on a composite of the Ni—
NbC system in the form of foil 50—150 μm thick was
produced by electron beam evaporation of components
in vacuum using two ingots, followed by combined
deposition of their vapour flows on the substrate at a
preset temperature. The flow diagram of the deposition
process is given in [10, 11]. A layer of CaF2 was
© K.A. YUSHCHENKO, A.I. USTINOV, B.A. ZADERY, V.S. SAVCHENKO, T.V. MELNICHENKO, V.V. KURENKOVA, A.V. ZVYAGINTSEVA and I.S. GAKH, 2010
11/2010
Стр.2