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Учреждение Российской
академии наук
Институт проблем управления
им. В.А. Трапезникова РАН
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академии наук
Институт проблем управления
им. В.А. Трапезникова РАН
Обзоры
Кулинич А.А. Коìпüþтерные систеìы ìоäеëирования коãнитивных карт:
поäхоäы и ìетоäы. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Математические проблемы управления
Зак Ю.А. Реøение обобщенной заäа÷и Джонсона с оãрани÷енияìи
на сроки выпоëнения отäеëüных заäаний и вреìена работы ìаøин.
Ч. 1. То÷ные ìетоäы реøения. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Анализ и синтез систем управления
Гуляев С.В., Шубладзе А.М., Кузнецов С.И. и äр. Неëинейные поìехозащищенные
äифференöиаторы . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Управление в социально-экономических системах
Коломоец А.А., Клочков В.В. Инфорìаöионные систеìы как среäство
обеспе÷ения аäаптивности фирìы в нестабиëüной среäе. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Горошникова Т.А., Цвиркун А.Д. Метоäы и инструìентаëüные среäства
оптиìизаöии развития хоëäинãовой коìпании . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Масаев С.Н., Доррер М.Г. Оöенка систеìы управëения коìпанией
на основе ìетоäа аäаптаöионной корреëяöии к внеøней среäе. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Управление сложными технологическими процессами и производствами
Резчиков А.Ф., Твердохлебов В.А. При÷инно-сëеäственные коìпëексы
взаиìоäействий в произвоäственных проöессах . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Ершова О.В. Коìпüþтерные тренажерные коìпëексы äëя повыøения
эффективности управëения проöессаìи эëектротерìи÷ескоãо произвоäства . . . . 60
Информационные технологии в управлении
Павлов П.А. Орãанизаöия оäнороäных конкурируþщих проöессов
при распреäеëенной конвейерной обработке. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Управление подвижными объектами
Шубин А.Б., Александров Е.Г., Харченков Г.Г. Бëизкое к оптиìаëüноìу
управëение траекторией äвижения объекта . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Хроника
Современные ìетоäы навиãаöии и управëения äвижениеì: ìоäеëи и ìетоäы
обработки инфорìаöии в заäа÷ах управëения äвижениеì . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Contents and abstracts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
* * *
* * *
Василий Никоëаеви÷ Новосеëüöев (к 75-ëетиþ со äня рожäения) . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
ПРОБЛЕМЫ
УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
3.2010
CОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Стр.1
CONTENTS & ABSTRACTS
CONTENTS & ABSTRACTS
COGNITIVE MAPS MODELLING COMPUTER SYSTEMS
(APPROACHES AND METHODS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Kulinich A.A.
Computer systems of decision-making support in ill-structured dynamic
situations, based on modeling of the expert knowledge presented
by cognitive maps are considered. Methods and approaches of the basic
functional subsystems realization of decision-making support systems of
this class are analysed.
Keywords: cognitive map, «soft» system analysis, modeling system
architecture, parameterization, verification, correction.
SOLUTION OF THE GENERALIZED JOHNSON PROBLEM
WITH CONSTRAINTS ON THE SCHEDULE AND TIME
OF THE MACHINE. PART 1. EXACT SOLUTION
METHODS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Zak J.A.
The problem of finding an optimal permutation which determines
the sequence of a set of tasks in a fixed and equal for all tasks sequence
of execution of certain works on different machines, is generalized to
the case when the restrictions on the start and end time both for execution
of individual tasks, and the time of equipment work are set. The
properties of admissible and optimal sequence of tasks are studied. The
formulas for calculating the lower limit of the total length of the schedule
are presented. Exact and approximate methods for solving the problem
are developed.
Keywords: flow-shop problem, optimal schedule, the sequence of
assignments, restrictions on the start and end time.
NONLINEAR NOISE IMMUNITY DIFFERENTIATORS . . . . 26
Gulyaev S.V., Shubladze A.M., Kyznetsov S.I., Krotov A.V.,
Olshvang V.R., Malakhov V.A.
The paper proposes the method for solution of a differentiation
problem, allowing to receive an estimation derivative Gaussian stationary
signals close to optimum by standard deviation criterion if spectral
density useful signals and noise are known to within level. Realization
of this method with the use of nonlinear dynamic systems organized in
a special way is considered. The comparative estimation of quality indicators
of results of differentiation nonlinear differentiator, linear and
relay differentiators is presented.
Keywords: differentiation, adaptation, optimality, Gaussian noise.
AN ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEM AS A MEANS
TO PROVIDE AN ADAPTIVITY OF A FIRM IN AN UNSTABLE
ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Kolomoets A.A., Klochkov V.V.
The paper presents the economical and mathematical model of a
company with an enterprise information system (EIS) in the control
loop. Indicators of EIS quality and efficiency are suggested. The task
of EIS parameters optimization based on the company profit maximization
is considered. The approaches developed are shown by an example
of air ticket sold registration system.
Keywords: enterprise information system, economical efficiency,
simulation, limited rationality, control loop, adaptivity.
METHODS AND TOOLS FOR OPTIMIZATION
OF HOLDING COMPANY DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Goroshnikova T.A., Tsvirkun A.D.
Problems of control of a holding company development and methods
of optimization of its development with use of a complex of interconnected
models of various type (optimization, simulation, optimization-simulation)
are considered. The developed tools for optimization
of a holding company development are presented and illustrated by an
example.
Keywords: development control, holding company, investment
analysis, investment projects, complex estimation, optimization-simulation
approach.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ¹ 3 • 2010
COMPANY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ESTIMATION
ON THE BASIS OF ADAPTIVE CORRELATION
TO THE ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Masaev S.N., Dorrer M.G.
The method of express audit of the structure and indicators of a
company business processes based on the calculation of simple correlation
between historic series of expenses is proposed.
Keywords: correlation, adaptation, process, system analysis, management.
CAUSAL
COMPLEXES OF INTERACTIONS
IN PRODUCTION PROCESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Reztchikov A.F., Tverdokhlebov V.A.
For the description of interrelations and interactions of the homogeneous
processes, forming production processes, the discrete determined
models in the form of causal complexes are proposed. The paper
develops fundamentals of construction of the complexes, new structures
of sections and rules of a composition of sections and complexes. The formal
language for representation of a structure and a complex as a whole
is proposed. It is noted, that the developed means allow to represent complexes
by hierarchical structure with consecutive transition from the
rough and approximate description of production process to its representation
by model with the set depth, completeness and accuracy.
Keywords: cause, consequence, causal relationship realization conditions,
group of cause, group of consequence, complex of causal relationship,
discrete process, interaction of processes.
INCREASE OF CONTROL EFFICIENCY
OF ELECTROTHERMAL PROCESSES USING
THE COMPUTER TRAINING COMPLEXES. . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Ershova O.V.
Issues of development of computer training complexes for personal
learning and increase of control efficiency of electrothermal process on
the example of calcium carbide manufacture are considered. The structure
of complexes is proposed, the functional components are characterized
for acquisition of effective control skills and the knowledge check.
Keywords: computer training complexes, trainee instructor, increase
of control efficiency by electrothermal process.
THE ORGANIZATION OF HOMOGENEOUS COMPETING
PROCESSES AT THE DISTRIBUTED CONVEYOR
PROCESSING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Pavlov P.A.
Formulas and estimations of minimum general time of performance
of the homogeneous distributed competing processes are received. The
comparative analysis of modes of interaction of processes, processors
and blocks of the structured program resource taking into account additional
system expenses is carried out.
Keywords: distributed process, program resource, homogeneous system,
asynchronous mode, synchronous mode, structurization, parallelism.
NEAR OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT TRAJECTORY
OF OBJECT MOVEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Shubin A.B., Alexandrov E.G., Harchenkov G.G.
The problem of calculation of the control transferring the ship from
one point of water space in a final point with set phase coordinates and
speed is considered with the use of model of the ship described by the
system of differential equations of the fifth order. The paper shows that
this requires only five reruns of the wheel, calculated by means of algorithm
of programmed control. Results of modeling of trajectories on
PC, including movement on the winding narrow channel and movement
with variable speed are presented.
Keywords: optimum control of mobile object, ship model, differential
nonlinear equation, management calculation, trajectory modeling,
movement in the narrow channel.
MODERN METHODS OF NAVIGATION AND MOVEMENT
CONTROL: MODELS AND METHODS OF INFORMATION
PROCESSING IN THE TASKS OF MOVEMENT
CONTROL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
VASILY NIKOLAEVICH NOVOSELTSEV
(on the occasion of 75th anniversary) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
83
Стр.83