Преображенская1 1Арктический и Антарктический научно-исследовательский институт, Санкт-Петербург, Россия; 2Институт наук о Земле, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия; 3Санкт-Петербургский горный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия *lipenkov@aari.ru Evolution of climate, glaciation and subglacial environments of Antarctica from the deep ice core and Lake Vostok water sample studies (Key results of implementation of the Russian Science Foundation project, 2014–2016) V.Ya. <...> Petersburg Mining University, St. Petersburg, Russia *lipenkov@aari.ru Received August 21, 2016 Accepted November 14, 2016 Keywords: development, environment, geochemical methods, ice cores, paleoclimate, research laboratory, Russian Science Foundation. <...> Summary Work on the project focused on the following five areas: 1) field works in Antarctica at Vostok and Concordia stations; 2) experimental and theoretical studies in the field of ice core and paleoclimate research; 3) experimental and theoretical works related to the exploration of subglacial Lake Vostok; 4) development of technology and drilling equipment for deep ice coring and exploration of subglacial lakes; 5) upgrading the analytical instrumentation in the Climate and Environmental Research Laboratory (CERL) of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute. <...> The main achievements in the field of ice core and paleoclimate research include 1) further elaboration of a new method of ice core dating, which is based on the link between air content of ice and local insolation, 2) investigation of the possible applications of the 17O-excess measurements in ice core to the paleoclimate research, 3) a better understanding of the mechanisms of the formation of relief-related variations in the isotopic content of an ice core drilled in the area of Antarctic megadunes, and 4) obtaining the first reliable data set on the variations of the 17O-excess in the Vostok core corresponding to marine isotope stage 11. <...> As part of our studies of subglacial Lake Vostok, we have obtained a large body of new experimental data from the new ice core recovered from the 5G-3 borehole to the surface of the subglacial lake. <...> Stacked profiles of isotopic composition, gas content and the size and orientation of the ice crystals in the lake ice have been composed from the data of three replicate cores from boreholes 5G-1, 5G-2 and 5G-3. <...> The study reveals that the concentration of gases in the lake water beneath Vostok is unexpectedly low <...>