Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2013, № 3, p. 100-109 UDC 631.417.2:579.64:579.8:577.21.06 TAXONOMIC STRUCTURE OF MICROBIAL ASSOCIATION IN DIFFERENT SOILS INVESTIGATED BY HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING OF 16S-rRNA GENE LIBRARY 1 All-Russia Research and Development Institute of Agricultural Microbiology, RAAS, 3, sh. <...> V. Merzlyakova1, E.E. Andronov1 3 V.V. Dokuchaev Research and Development Institute of Soil Science, RAAS, 7, Pyzhevskii per., Moscow, 119017 Russia e-mail: langobard@mail.ru 2 St. Petersburg State University, 28, prosp. <...> Universitenskii, St. Petersburg – Old Peterhof, 199034 Russia e-mail: alexander.dolnik@gmail.com Received August 9, 2012 S u m m a r y The features of soil microbiome may be an universal and very sensitive indicator of soil state used for optimization and biologization of agriculture systems. <...> However, this approach to the matter requires a preliminary analysis of microbiomes composition in different types of soils. <...> An analogical taxonomic investigations presented difficult task formerly and took considerable material and time expenditures. <...> The introduction to molecular ecology of the new progeny methods of sequencing permits to increase both a number of revealed microorganism species and analyzed ecotops. <...> The authors made the primary analysis of microbial associations with the use of pyrosequencing of soil metagenome. <...> For the study, the collection of soils from different regions of Russia (19 samples) and also from the Crimea (Ukraine, 1 sample) was created. <...> The bacteria from phylas of Proteobacteria (up 59.3 %), Actinobacteria (up 55.4 %), Acidobacteria (up 26.5 %), Verrucomicrobia (up 13.6 %), Bacteroidetes (up 10.5 %), Firmicutes (up 8.2 %), Gemmatimonadetes (up 6.9 %), Chloroflexi (up 5.7 %) and archaea from Crenarchaeota phyla were dominating in microbial associations. <...> The comparison of taxonomic structure of microbial associations indicates that physiochemical factors (acidity and moisture of soil) have a more influence on prokaryote biodiversity than other factors (for example, type of soil or sampling point). <...> So the soils from south regions with lesser moisture contain more the actinobacteria, when the moister north soils contain mainly the proteobacteria. <...> The soils with low pH are characterized by a raise of acidobacteria percent. <...> Taxonomic description of microbial communities for a long time was an intractable problem with significant material and time costs <...>