Ogorodnikova2, O.N. Shupletsova1, I.N. Shchennikova1 1 N.V. Rudnitsky Zonal Science and Research Development Institute of North-Eastern Agriculture, RAAS, Kirov 610007, Russia e-mail: irgenal@mail.ru 2 Komi Institute of Biology, UB RAS, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia Received February 1, 2010 S u m m a r y In barley callus culture on acid selective media with aluminum the authors selected the resistant lines, from which the regenerated plants were obtained. <...> During a growing on acid sod-podzol soil the seed progeny of regenerated lines was compared with initial varieties on biochemical parameters, on determinants of productivity and yield. <...> It was revealed, that hereditable in regenerated progeny the determinants of somaclonal variability can be used for creation of high productive and resistant to toxic action of aluminum forms of plants. <...> More than 50% agriculture lands in the world have acid soil (1), and very often negative effects of this factor on plants are enhanced by the presence of mobile ions of aluminum. <...> According to a modern concept, cytotoxic action of aluminum is associated with oxidative stress in plant cells (2, 3). <...> This assumption is supported by the report on activation of genes for peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase in plants exposed to toxic concentrations of this element (4). <...> Defense reactions are performed by the antioxidant system including both enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase) and low molecular weight compounds (e.g., carotenoids) that interact with free radicals, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and products of oxidative metabolism (5). <...> Anthocyanins - flavonoid plant pigments – have similar properties (6). <...> Under a long-term stress, antioxidant systems of plants can’t longer stand against increasing amounts of ROS, which leads to serious violations of cellular metabolism - photooxidation of chlorophyll (2, 7), lipid peroxidation (8), leakage of ions, and protein degradation (9). <...> The purpose of this work - a comparative study of cultivated barley varieties and seed progenies of lines-regenerants obtained on the aluminum-containing acidic medium, based upon the analysis of biochemical parameters reflecting the arise of oxidative stress, productivity properties and yield. <...> During the periods of cell proliferation and morphogenesis, the media were added with aluminum sulfate (A13+ concentration of 40 <...>