E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
International Scientific-Technical and Production Journal
February 2016
No. 2
Published since 2000
English translation of the monthly «Avtomaticheskaya Svarka» (Automatic Welding) journal published in Russian since 1948
EDITORIAL BOARD
Editor-in-Chief
B.E. Paton
Scientists of PWI, Kiev
S.I. Kuchuk-Yatsenko (vice-chief ed.),
V.N. Lipodaev (vice-chief ed.),
Yu.S. Borisov, G.M. Grigorenko,
A.T. Zelnichenko, V.V. Knysh,
I.V. Krivtsun, Yu.N. Lankin,
L.M. Lobanov, V.D. Poznyakov,
I.A. Ryabtsev, K.A. Yushchenko
Scientists of Ukrainian Universities
V.V. Dmitrik, NTU «KhPI», Kharkov
V.V. Kvasnitsky, NTUU «KPl», Kiev
V.D. Kuznetsov, NTUU «KPl», Kiev
Foreign Scientists
N.P. Alyoshin
N.E. Bauman MSTU, Moscow, Russia
Guan Qiao
Beijing Aeronautical Institute, China
A.S. Zubchenko
DB «Gidropress», Podolsk, Russia
M. Zinigrad
College of Judea & Samaria, Ariel, Israel
V.I. Lysak
Volgograd STU, Russia
Ya. Pilarczyk
Welding Institute, Gliwice, Poland
U. Reisgen
Welding and Joining Institute, Aachen, Germany
O.I. Steklov
Welding Society, Moscow, Russia
G.A. Turichin
St. Petersburg SPU, Russia
Founders
E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, NASU
International Association «Welding»
Publisher
International Association «Welding»
Translators
A.A. Fomin, O.S. Kurochko, I.N. Kutianova
Editor
N.A. Dmitrieva
Electron galley
D.I. Sereda, T.Yu. Snegiryova
Address
E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute,
International Association «Welding»
11 Kazimir Malevich Str. (former Bozhenko Str.),
03680, Kiev, Ukraine
Tel.: (38044) 200 60 16, 200 82 77
Fax: (38044) 200 82 77, 200 81 45
E-mail: journal@paton.kiev.ua
www.patonpublishinghouse.com
State Registration Certificate
KV 4790 of 09.01.2001
ISSN 0957-798X
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© PWI, International Association «Welding», 2016
INDUSTRIAL
Pilarczyk J. Activities of the institute of welding in Gliwice in
the field of training the personnel for welding production ............ 28
Grechanyuk N.I., Grechanyuk V.G., Khomenko E.V.,
Grechanyuk I.N. and Zatovsky V.G. Modern composite
materials for switching and welding equipment. Information 2.
Application of high-rate vacuum evaporation methods for
manufacturing electric contacts and electrodes .......................... 34
Goncharov I.A., Fajnberg L.I., Rybakov A.A. and Netyaga A.V.
Analysis of applicability of slag crust in production of
agglomerated fluxes .................................................................... 40
INFORMATION
Reporting conference on Program «Resource» .......................... 45
CONTENTS
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
Sydorets V.N., Krivtsun I.V., Demchenko V.F., Krikent I.V.,
Kovalenko D.V., Kovalenko I.V. and Pavlov A.G. Calculation
and experimental research of static and dynamic volt-ampere
characteristics of argon arc with refractory cathode .................... 2
Yushchenko K.A., Markashova L.I., Zvyagintseva A.V.,
Khokhlova Yu.A., Kushnaryova O.S. and Chervyakov N.O.
Microstructural features of multilayer welds with different hot
cracking sensitivity ....................................................................... 9
Jianhua Yao and Kovalenko V. Research progress of
supersonic laser deposition technology ....................................... 14
Skulsky V.Yu., Zhukov V.V., Nimko M.A., Moravetsky S.I.
and Mishchenko L.D. Evaluation of susceptibility to temper
brittleness of heat-resistant steels using high-temperature
testing .......................................................................................... 22
Стр.1
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2016.02.01
CALCULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC VOLT-AMPERE
CHARACTERISTICS OF ARGON ARC
WITH REFRACTORY CATHODE*
V.N. SYDORETS, I.V. KRIVTSUN, V.F. DEMCHENKO, I.V. KRIKENT,
D.V. KOVALENKO, I.V. KOVALENKO and A.G. PAVLOV
E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, NASU
11 Kazimir Malevich Str., 03680, Kiev, Ukraine. E-mail: office@paton.kiev.ua
Well-grounded selection of optimum modes of non-consumable pulse-arc welding requires investigation of dynamics
of pulsed arc burning. Proposed earlier model of nonstationary arc with distributed parameters, due to large computing
expenses, allows considering effect on arc of only single current pulse. Whereas, investigation of dynamic characteristics
of the arc in supply of batches of high-frequency pulses of welding current is of practical interest. In this connection,
it is interesting to develop an arc dynamic model with lumped parameters, which does not have limitations from point
of view of amount of computations and allows high accuracy tracing of the dynamics of change of characteristics in
arc with refractory cathode at high-frequency current modulation. The same data were received for comparison using
calculation method based on the model with distributed parameters. Arc column time constant was determined based on
calculation data of dynamics of arc voltage change, received employing the model with distributed parameters. In total
complex of carried research and experimental investigations allowed working out an algorithms of application of the
model with lumped parameters and identifying them. The results are given on expemental investigations of dynamics
of change of current and arc voltage in high-frequency non-consumable pulse-arc welding, which are matched with the
results of calculations using the model with lumped parameters. 14 Ref., 1 Table, 8 Figures.
Keywords: pulse-arc welding, non-consumable electrode welding, high-frequency pulses, dynamic characteristics
of arc, nonstationary arc, arc column, argon arc, refractory cathode
Non-consumable inert gas arc (TIG) welding is widely
used in manufacture of critical structures in nuclear
and chemical machine building, aircraft and rocket
construction, food and other branches of industry.
The disadvantage of TIG welding is low efficiency
promoted by insufficient penetration capability of the
arc. In order to eliminate this disadvantage different
methods of activation of processes of energy transfer
in arc plasma and weld pool, namely welding over
activating flux layer (A-TIG process) and hybrid
welding (TIG + laser) etc., are currently used [1–4].
Work [5], employing the methods of mathematical
modelling of arc with refractory cathode, states
an effect of significant increase of current density
at pulse leading edge and density of heat flow at
anode in supply of welding current pulse with high
rate of its change in comparison with corresponding
characteristics
of stationary
arc. A technological
consequence, which can be expected as a result of
intensification of heat and dynamic impact of pulsed
arc on melt, can be an increase of penetration depth
and rise of molten metal volume in comparison with
direct current welding.
Indicated peculiarity of dynamics of arc burning
in the pulse mode indicate that high-frequency modulation
of welding current can be used as one more
method for activation of processes of energy transfer
in arc plasma and metal being welded at corresponding
selection of mode parameters. This promotes for
an interest in further investigations of dynamic characteristics
of the arc with refractory cathode in pulse
mode. The primary instrument, which is widely used
in welding arc analysis, is its volt-ampere characteristic
(VAC). Investigation of relationship between current
and voltage in non-consumable electrode welding
is of interest in the case of direct current welding
as well as in the case of high-frequency current pulse
modulation, at which described above dynamic processes
are observed. Present work is dedicated to experimental
and theoretical investigation of static and
*Based on materials presented on at VII International Conference «Mathematical Modelling and Information Technologies in
Welding and Related Processes», September 15–19, 2014, Odessa, Ukraine.
© V.N. SYDORETS, I.V. KRIVTSUN, V.F. DEMCHENKO, I.V. KRIKENT, D.V. KOVALENKO, I.V. KOVALENKO and A.G. PAVLOV, 2016
ISSN 0957-798X THE PATON WELDING JOURNAL, No. 2, 2016
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Стр.2