Лингвистика и межкультурная коммуникация. 2016. № 1 ЯЗЫК И МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНАЯ КОММУНИКАЦИЯ V.M. Alpatov GENDER PECULIARITIES OF THE JAPANESE DISCOURSE AND THEIR REASONS Хорошо известны гендерные различия в японском языке. <...> И в японском обществе, и в японской речи происходят изменения, но язык консервативнее, чем общество, и женщины могут говорить в соответствии с традиционными правилами просто по привычке. <...> Ключевые слова: языковая коммуникация, гендерные исследования, социолингвистика, языковая картина мира, японский язык. <...> The gender differences in the Japanese language are well-known. <...> We can see some gender peculiarities in discourse even in the formal speech where such differences of language do not exist. <...> The structure of discourse in Japanese, the rules of dialog in it are different for men and women. <...> Many people even in the modern Japan think that the female speech must be gentle, polite, modest, attentive to addressees; the form of the speech is more important than its content: it is more emotive than informative. <...> Demands to the male speech are different: it has to be clear and informative. <...> For instance exclamatory sentences are more frequent in the female speech; women use frequently specific interjections and so on. <...> The male monopoly in interrupting speech and control of floor is noted in many works. <...> Some changes are going on both in the Japanese society and in the Japanese language but language is more conservative than society and women can speak according to traditional rules purely out of habits. <...> The gender differences in the Japanese language (forms of etiquette, personal pronouns, emotional particles, lexical units etc.) are wellknown (there are specific dictionaries of male and female words in several volumes1); I don’t mention it specially in my article. <...> Such peculiarities are connected with the position of women in the Japanese society and change in different epochs. <...> At the Meiji time (1868– 1912) the situation partly changed since the Western ideal of woman as “good wife and wise mother” was spread. <...> Demands to the male speech are different: it has to be clear and informative5. <...> He proposed some men <...>