Section HUMAN DIVERSITY 81 distribution area has been established. <...> A marked difference between the gene pools of modern populations of northern Eurasia living west and east of the Urals, refl ected in both genetic and morphological traits and prevailing over most part of ancient history (two chronological stages – 26–16 and 15–12 thousand years ago), is unrelated to recent changes in ethnic structure. <...> The results are presented as distribution maps of single traits and of the fi rst principal component. <...> Key words: Northern Eurasia, genetic polymorphisms, principal component analysis Contact information: Sheremetyeva Valentina, e-mail: sheremetyeva_v@mail.ru. <...> TO THE QUESTION OF DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIFIC INFECTIONS AMONG RURAL MEDIEVAL POPULATION IN RUSSIA: THE CASE OF ROZHDESTVENO CEMETERY (15TH –16TH Shvedchikova Tatiana1 CENT. AD) , Berezina Natalia2 1Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Our study was based on the osteological material from a rural cemetery of the settlement Rozhdestveno I (Odintsovo, Moscow region). <...> The material was obtained due to salvage excavations in 2006-2007 under the direction of Mikhail Gonyanyi. <...> The burial site could be dated by the 15th-16th centuries AD according to the mass material and specifi c artefacts. <...> This fact argues for the prolonged use of the same cemetery clusters partly due to the limitation of the dwellings existing on the border. <...> High percentage of children’s mortality (42%) and the analysis of the stress markers on the skeletons of adult individuals permit to suppose the unfavorable living conditions in the community. <...> Both among males and females (totally in 12.6% of cases), there is a complex of features which allows us to speak about a specifi c infection (treponemal). <...> The most remarkable manifestations were found on the female skeleton (20-29 years old, burial 122). <...> In spite of partial preservation and in some cases taphonomical destruction of the compact bone layer, we found substantial changes of the bone tissue on the long bones of extremities, scapulae and ribs. <...> Proliferate changes of the surface are noted on almost all preserved bones. <...> Acromial processes of the scapulas and outer surface of the 12th rib are covered by porous layers. <...> Also on the upper and lower extremities the regions <...>