THE ENGLISH VOYAGES
!V!RY"#M'S LIBRARY
!DITED BY !RNEST R"YS
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VOLUME FOUR
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RICHARD HAKLUYT
THE PUBLISHERS OF EVERYMAN'S
LIBRARY WILL BE PLEASED TO SEND
FREELY TO ALL APPLICANTS A LIST
OF THE PUBLISHED AND PROJECTED
VOLUMES TO BE COMPRISED UNDER
THE FOLLOWING TWELVE HEADINGS:
TRAVEL * SCIENCE * FICTION
THEOLOGY & PHILOSOPHY
HISTORY * CLASSICAL
FOR YOUNG PEOPLE
ESSAYS * ORATORY
POETRY & DRAMA
BIOGRAPHY
ROMANCE
IN TWO STYLES OF BINDING, CLOTH,
FLAT BACK, COLOURED TOP, AND
LEATHER, ROUND CORNERS, GILT TOP.
LONDON:
J. M. DENT & CO.
NEW YORK: E. P. DUTTON & CO.
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THE ENGLISH VOYAGES
THE PRINCIPALL NAVIGATIONS OF THE ENGLISH NATION:
To the Worshipfull and his very loving Uncle M. Rowland Hewish Esquier, at Sand in
Devonshire.
SIR, considering the goodnesse of your Nature which is woont kindely to accept from a friend,
even of meane things being given with a good heart, I have presumed to trouble you with the reading of
this rude discourse of my travailes into Turkie, and of the deliverie of the present with such other
occurrents as there happened woorthie the observation: of all which proceedings I was an eie-witnesse,
it pleasing the Ambassadour to take mee in with him to the Grand Signior. If for lacke of time to put it
in order I have not performed it so well as it ought, I crave pardon, assuring you that to my knowledge I
have not missed in the trueth of any thing. If you aske mee what in my travels I have learned, I answere
as a noble man of France did to the like demaund, Hoc unum didici, mundi contemptum: and so
concluding with the wise man in the booke of the Preacher, that all is vanitie, and one thing onely is
necessarie, I take my leave and commit you to the Almightie. From London the 16.
March 1597.
Your loving Nephew
Richard Wrag.
A description of a Voiage to Constantinople and Syria, begun the 21. of March 1593. and
ended the 9. of August, 1595. wherein is shewed the order of delivering the second Present by Master
Edward Barton her majesties Ambassador, which was sent from her Majestie to Sultan Murad Can,
Emperour of Turkie.
WE set saile in the Ascension of London, a new shippe very well appointed, of two hundred and
three score tunnes (whereof was master one William Broadbanke, a provident and skilfull man in his
facultie) from Gravesend the one and twentie of March 1593. And upon the eight of Aprill folowing
wee passed the streights of Gibraltar, and with a small Westerne gale, the 24. of the same, we arrived at
Zante an Iland under the Venetians. The fourth of May wee departed, and the one and twentie wee
arrived at Alexandretta in Cilicia in the very bottome of the Mediterrane sea, a roade some 25. miles
distant from Antioch, where our marchants land their goods to bee sent for Aleppo. From thence wee
set saile the fift of June, and by contrary windes were driven upon the coast of Caramania into a road
neere a litle Iland where a castle standeth, called Castle Rosso, some thirtie leagues to the Eastwards of
the Rhodes, where after long search for fresh water, we could finde none, until certaine poore Greekes
of the Iland brought us to a well where we had 5 or 6 tuns. That part of the country next the sea is very
barren & full of mountains, yet found we there an olde tombe of marble, with an epitaph of an ancient
Greeke caracter, by antiquity neere worne out and past reading; which to the beholders seemed a
monument of the greatnesse of the Grecian monarchy. From thence we went to the Rhodes, and by
contrary windes were driven into a port of Candy, called Sittia: this Iland is under the Venetians, who
have their 600 souldiers, beside certaine Greeks, continually in pay. Here with contrary winds we
stayed six weeks, and in the end, having the winde prosperous, we sailed by Nicaria, Pharos, Delos,
and Andros, with sight of many other Ilands in the Archi pelago, and arrived at the two castles in
Hellespont the 24 of August. Within few dayes after we came to Galipoli some thirty miles from this
place, where foure of us tooke a Parma or boat of that place, with two watermen, which rowed us along
the Thracian shore to Constantinople, which sometime sailing and sometime rowing, in foure dayes
they performed. The first of September we arrived at the famous port of the Grand Signior, where we
were not a little welcome to M. Edward Barton untill then her Majesties Agent, who (with many other
great persons) had for many dayes expected the present. Five or sixe dayes after the shippe arrived
neere the Seven towers, which is a very strong hold, and so called of so many turrets, which it hath,
standing neere the sea side, being the first part of the city that we came unto. Heere the Agent
appointed the master of the Ascension to stay with the shippe untill a fitte winde and opportunity
served to bring her about the Seraglio to salute the Grand Signior in his moskyta or church: for you
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RICHARD HAKLUYT
shall understand that he hath built one neere the wal of his Seraglio or pallace adjoyning to the Sea
side; whereunto twise or thrise a weeke hee resorteth to performe such religious rites as their law
requireth: where hee being within few dayes after, our shippe set out in their best maner with flagges,
streamers and pendants of divers coloured silke, with all the mariners, together with most of the
Ambassadours men, having the winde faire, and came within two cables length of this his moskita,
where (hee to his great content beholding the shippe in such bravery) they discharged first two volies of
small shot, and then all the great ordinance twise over, there being seven and twentie or eight and
twentie pieces in the ship. Which performed, he appointed the Bustangi-Bassa or captaine of the great
and spacious garden or parke, to give our men thankes, with request that some other day they would
shew him the like sporte when hee would have the Sultana or Empresse a beholder thereof, which few
dayes after at the shippes going to the Custome-house they performed.
The grand Signiors salutation thus ended, the master brought the ship to an anker at Rapamat
neere the ambassadors house, where hee likewise saluted him with all his great ordinance once over,
and where he landed the Present, the deliverie whereof for a time was staled: the cause of which staie it
shall neither be dishonorable for our nation, or that woorthie man the ambassador to shew you. At the
departure of Sinan Bassa the chiefe Vizir, and our ambassadors great friend toward the warres of
Hungarie there was another Bassa appointed in his place, a churlish and harsh natured man, who upon
occasion of certaine Genouezes, escaping out of the castles standing toward the Euxine Sea, nowe
called the blacke Sea, there imprisoned, apprehended and threatened to execute one of our Englishmen
called John Field, for that hee was taken thereabouts, and knowen not many dayes before to have
brought a letter to one of them: upon the solliciting of whose libertie there felle a jarre betweene the
Bassa (being now chiefe Vizir) and our ambassador, and in choler he gave her majesties ambassador
such words, as without sustaining some great indignitie hee could not put up. Whereupon after the
arrivall of the Present, he made an Arz, that is, a bill of Complaint to the grand Signior against him, the
maner in exhibiting whereof is thus performed.
The plaintifes expect the grand Signiors going abroad from his pallace, either to Santa Sophia or
to his church by the sea side, whither, with a Perma (that is one of their usuall whirries) they approch
within some two or three score yards, where the plaintife standeth up, and holdeth his petition over his
forehead in sight of the grand Signior (for his church is open to the Sea side) the rest sitting still in the
boat, who appointeth one of his Dwarfes to receive them, and to bring them to him. A Dwarfe, one of
the Ambassadors favorites, so soone as he was dis cerned, beckned him to the shore side, tooke his Arz,
and with speed caried it to the grand Signior. Now the effect of it was this; that except his highnesse
would redresse this so great an indignitie, which the Vizir his slave had offered him and her majestie in
his person, he was purposed to detaine the Present untill such time as he might by letters over-land
from her majestie bee certi fied, whither she would put up so great an injurie as it was. Whereupon he
presently returned answere request ing the ambassador within an houre after to goe to the Dovan of the
Vizir, unto whom himselfe of his charge would send a gowne of cloth of gold, and commaund him
publikely to put it upon him, and with kind entertainment to embrace him in signe of reconciliation.
Whereupon our ambassador returning home, tooke his horse, accom panied with his men, and came to
the Vizirs court, where, according to the grand Signiors command, he with all shew of kindnesse
embraced the ambassador, and with curteous speeches reconciled himselfe, and with his own hands put
the gowne of cloth of gold upon his backe. Which done, hee with his attendants returned home, to the
no small admiration of all Christians that heard of it, especially of the French and Venetian
ambassadors, who never in the like case against the second person of the Turkish Empire durst have
attempted so bold an enter prise with hope of so friendly audience, and with so speedie redresse. This
reconciliation with the great Vizir thus made, the ambassador prepared himselfe for the deliverie of the
Present, which upon the 7 of October 1593. in this maner he performed.
The Ascension with her flags and streamers, as afore said, repaired nigh unto the place where
the ambassador should land to go up to the Seraglio: for you must understand that all Christian
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ambassadors have their dwelling in Pera where most Christians abide, from which place, except you
would go 4 or 5 miles about, you cannot by land go to Constantinople, whereas by Sea it is litle broder
then the Thames. Our Ambassador likewise apparelled in a sute of cloth of silver, with an upper gowne
of cloth of gold, accompanied with 7 gentlemen in costly sutes of Sattin, with 30 other of his men very
well apparelled, and all in one liverie of sad French russet cloth gownes, at his house tooke boate: at
whose landing the ship discharged all her ordinance, where likewise attended 2 Bassas, with 40 or 50
Chauses to accompany ye ambassador to the court, & also horses for the ambas sador & his gentlemen,
very richly furnished, with Turkish servants attendant to take the horses when they should light. The
ambassador thus honorably accompanied, the Chauses foremost, next his men on foote all going by two
and two, himselfe last with his Chause and Drugaman or Interpreter, and 4 Janissaries, which he doeth
usually entertaine in his house to accompany him continually abroad, came to the Seraglio about an
English mile from the water side, where first hee passed a great gate into a large court (much like the
space before White hall gate) where he with his gentlemen alighted and left their horses. From hence
they passed into an other stately court, being about 6 score in bredth, and some 10 score yards long,
with many trees in it: where all the court was with great pompe set in order to entertaine our
ambassador. Upon the right hand all the length of the court was a gallerie arched over, and borne up
with stone pillars, much like the Roiall Exchange, where stood most of his guard in rankes from the one
end to the other in costly aray, with round head pieces on their heads of mettall and gilt over, with a
great plume of fethers somewhat like a long brush standing up before. On the left hand stood the
Cappagies or porters, and the Chauses. All these courtiers being about the number of 2000. (as I might
well gesse) most of them apparelled in cloth of gold, silver, velvet, sattin and scarlet, did together with
bowing their bodies, laying their hands upon their brests in curteous maner of salutation, entertain the
Ambas sador: who likewise passing between them, & turning himself somtime to the right hand and
sometime to the left, answered them with the like. As he thus passed along, certaine Chauses conducted
him to the Dovan, which is the seat of Justice, where certaine dayes of the weeke the grand Vizir, with
the other Vizirs, the Cadi-lesker or lord chiefe Justice, & the Mufti or high priest do sit to determine
upon such causes as be brought before them, which place is upon the left side of this great court,
whither the ambassador with his gentlemen came, where hee found the Vizir thus accompanied as
aforesayd, who with great shew of kindnes received him: and after receit of her majesties letters, &
conference had of the Present, of her majesties health, of the state of England, and such other matters as
concerned our peaceable traffique in those parts: dinner being prepared was by many of ye Courtiers
brought into another inner roome next adjoining, which consisted of an hundred dishes or therabouts,
most boiled & rosted, where the ambassador accompanied wt the Vizirs went to dinner, his gentlemen
likewise with the rest of his men having a dinner with the like varietie prepared upon ye same side of
the court, by themselves sate downe to their meat, 40 or 50 Chauses standing at the upper end attending
upon the gentlemen to see them served in good order; their drinke was water mingled with rose water
& sugar brought in a Luthro (that is a goates skinne) which a man carieth at his backe, and under his
arme letteth it run out at a spout into cups as men wil call for it. The dinner thus with good order
brought in, and for halfe an houre with great sobrietie and silence performed, was not so orderly taken
up; for certaine Moglans officers of the kitchin (like her majesties blacke guard) came in disordered
maner and tooke away the dishes, and he whose hungry eie one dish could not satisfie, turned two or
three one into the other, and thus of a sudden was a cleane riddance made of all. The ambas sador after
dinner with his gentlemen, by certaine officers were placed at the upper ende upon the left side of the
court, nere unto a great gate which gave entrance to a third court being but litle, paved with stone. In
the midst whereof was a litle house built of marble, as I take it, within which sate the grand Signor,
according to whose commandement given there were gownes of cloth of gold brought out of the
wardrope, and put upon the ambas sador and 7 of his gentlemen, the ambassador himselfe having 2,
one of gold, and the other of crimosin velvet, all the rest one a piece. Then certaine Cappagies had the
Present, which was in trunks there ready, delivered them by the ambassadors men, it being 12 goodly
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