UDC 69-022.532(07)
Reviewed and recommended for publication of education and methodical
Council of Northern (Arctic) Federal University
Nano- and microheterogeneous systems in construction: Study Guide
M.A. Frolova, V.E. Danilov, Y.V. Sokolova,
A.M. Ayzenshtadt
Reviewed by Strokova V.V., Dr. Tech. Sciences, Professor of Belgorod State
Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov;
Nevzorov A.L., Dr. Tech. Sciences, Professor of
Higher School of Engineering NArFU
Frolova, M.A.
Nano- and microheterogeneous systems in construction: Study Guide
/ M.A. Frolova, V.E. Danilov, Y.V. Sokolova, A.M. Ayzenshtadt. –
Arkhangelsk: Northern (Arctic) Federal University’s Publishing House,
2018. – 116 p.
ISBN 978-5-261-01339-6
Questions of the terminology of nano- and microheterogeneous
systems, the main methods of their production and classification are
considered. A characteristic of the important properties of these systems
associated with surface phenomena at the interface is given. The classical
and developed original methods of performing laboratory works with the
use of modern unique equipment are presented.
This tutorial is intended for the training of students at the student’s
program 08.04.01 "Construction", and can be recommended for students,
masters and postgraduates involved in the study of properties different
dispersed systems.
UDC 69-022.532(07)
ISBN 978-5-261-01339-6
© Northern (Arctic) Federal
University, 2018
2
Стр.3
Introduction
The field of application of nano- and microheterogeneous systems
in the construction industry is enormous – these are technologies for
obtaining a variety of disperse products (powders, pastes, emulsions,
suspensions, etc.), including composite (concrete, reinforced concrete,
paving tiles, etc.) and nanocomposite (astringent, heat-insulating) of
building materials, silicates (especially ceramics and glass), dispersed
porous structures (styrofoam, primers) of plastics, glues, varnish-andpaint
materials, etc. Since the particles of the dispersed phase and the
surrounding dispersion medium in these systems have a very large
phase interface (particle size of the dispersed phase is from fractions of
microns to tens of nanometers (next nm)), with increasing dispersity,
surface phenomena have a determining effect on the properties of
disperse systems. Along with this, many physical properties (color,
melting
volumetric bodies do not depend on the size,
point, electrical conductivity, density), which for large
they acquire
this
dependence, when the particle size decreases below a certain border,
which is usually 100 nm. On this basis, authors of educationalmethodical
tutorial found it possible to do a conditional dimensional
border and in the representation of material, divided into two parts: the
first section is devoted to methods of obtaining and determining the
characteristics of nanodispersed systems (particle size of 10 to 100 nm),
the second is related to studies of the properties of microdispersed
materials characterized by larger particles of the dispersed phase.
The study guide includes the main theoretical material, presented
the most modern
in a concise form, reflecting possible ways of classifying and the
properties of systems. In addition, the methodical sections of the guide
describe how classical techniques perform a variety of experiments, and
the original laboratory work carried out using
3
Стр.4
Table of Contents
Introduction .....................................................................................
Section 1. Nanoheterogeneous system ............................................
1.1. Classification of nanoparticles .........................................
1.2.Methods for producing nanoparticles ................................
1.3. Surface energy ..................................................................
3
5
7
8
9
1.4. Electrokinetic potential of the surface .............................. 11
1.5. Light diffusion .................................................................. 13
1.6. Assessment of quality system of highly dispersed silica
contained rocks........................................................................ 14
1.7. Nanoparticle impact on human health .............................. 23
1.8. Protolytic properties influence of the dispersion medium
on the process of silicic acid polycondensation ...................... 28
1.9. Determination of Size Properties of Organomineral
Insulation Nanofiller Based on Wood Matrix ......................... 34
Laboratory work №1 ............................................................... 38
Laboratory work №2 ............................................................... 42
Section II. Microheterogeneous systems ........................................ 45
2.1.Powders ............................................................................. 46
2.2.Suspension......................................................................... 47
2.3.Emulsion ........................................................................... 48
2.4.Foams ................................................................................ 48
2.5 The wood-mineral composition based on waste from
debarking and sifting of basalt ................................................ 49
Laboratory work № 3 .............................................................. 56
Laboratory work № 4 .............................................................. 62
Laboratory work № 5 .............................................................. 66
Laboratory work № 6 .............................................................. 72
Laboratory work № 7 .............................................................. 79
Laboratory work № 8 .............................................................. 83
Laboratory work № 9 .............................................................. 87
114
Стр.115