И нфо рма ц и я E A S O Joint statement of the European Association for the Study of Obesity and the European Society of Hypertension: obesity and difficult to treat arterial hypertension Jordan Jens1 , Yumuk Volkan2 Grassi Guido6,7 , Schlaich Markus3 , Schmieder Roland E8 , Engeli Stefan1 , Nilsson Peter M4 , Finer Nick9 , Zahorska-Markiewicz Barbara5 1Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical School Hannover, Germany; 2Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Turkey; 3 Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; 4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, University Hospital, Malmц, Sweden; 5Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; 6Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza; 7Istituto di Ricerca a Caratteree Scientifico IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto san Giovanni, Milan, Italy; 8Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; 9Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK Obese patients are prone to arterial hypertension, require more antihypertensive medications, and have an increased risk of treatment-resistant arterial hypertension. <...> The association between obesity and hypertension shows large inter-individual variability, likely through genetic mechanisms. <...> Obesity affects overall cardiovascular and metabolic risk; yet, the relationship between obesity and cardiovascular risk is complex and not sufficiently addressed in clinical guidelines. <...> The epidemiological observation that obesity may be protective in patients with established cardiovascular disease is difficult to translate into clinical experience and practice. <...> Weight loss is often recommended as a means to lower blood pressure. <...> However, current hypertension guidelines do not provide evidence-based guidance on how to institute weight loss. <...> In fact, weight loss influences on blood pressure may be overestimated. <...> Nevertheless, weight loss through bariatric surgery appears to decrease cardiovascular risk in severely obese patients. <...> Eventually, most obese hypertensive patients will require antihypertensive medications. <...> Data from large-scale studies with hard clinical endpoints on antihypertensive medications specifically addressing obese patients are lacking and the morbidity from the growing population of severely <...>