Humanities & Social Sciences 2 (2017 10) 150-167 ~ ~ ~ УДК 72.035=111(470.23-25) The Neoclassical Revival in the Architecture of St. Petersburg/Petrograd: Polemic and Practice William C. Brumfield* Tulane University New Orleans, Louisiana, USA Received 27.12.2016, received in revised form 03.01.2017, accepted 04.02.2017 After 1905 a reaction against the modernist movement in architecture appeared in the work of architects and critics who supported a revival of Neoclassicism in Russian architecture. <...> Although the new classicism provided the means to apply technological and design innovations within an established tectonic system, it was also widely interpreted as a rejection of the unstable values of individualism and the bourgeois ethos. <...> Neoclassical architecture became the last hope for a reconciliation of contemporary architecture with cultural values derived from an idealization of imperial Russian grandeur. <...> Yet the revival of Neoclassicism ultimately manifested the same lack of aesthetic unity and theoretical direction as had the style moderne, thus leading certain critics and architects to question the social order within which architecture functioned in the decades before the 1917 revolution. <...> This debate would have lasting repercussions for Soviet architecture. <...> Keywords: Architecture of St. Petersburg, neoclassical revival, journal Starye Gody, journal Apollon, style moderne, Vienna Secession, Oskar Munts, Fedor Lidval, Ivan Fomin, Carlo Rossi, Vladimir Shchuko, Marian Lialevich, Marian Peretiatkovich, Georgii Lukomskii, apartment buildings, bank buildings. <...> In the forefront of refined neoclassical aestheticism stood the journal Apollon, which began to appear 1909 under the editorship of the poet and critic Sergei Makovskii. <...> All rights reserved * Corresponding author E-mail address: william.brumfield@gmail.com – 150 – a literary journal with a strong interest in the visual arts, Apollon contained frequent commentary supporting the new classicism in architecture, as well as lengthy articles, copiously illustrated, on the neoclassical revival and its ideological significance. <...> In this journal the revived classical form in Russian architecture was praised as an expression of nobility and grandeur that stood in opposition to the questionable (bourgeois) values of the William C. Brumfield. <...> The Neoclassical Revival in the Architecture of St. Petersburg/Petrograd: Polemic and Practice style moderne – Russia's equivalent to art nouveau and the Vienna Secession. <...> One of the most visible examples of the style moderne was the Singer Building <...>