Humanities & Social Sciences 9 (2016 9) 2092-2123 ~ ~ ~ УДК 328.185(1-926) Combating Systemic Corruption in Africa: Altitudinal, Attitudinal, Confrontational or Constitutional? <...> Emmanuel Oladipo Ojo* Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria Received 09.06.2016, received in revised form 12.07.2016, accepted 18.08.2016 The fact and reality of systemic corruption in Africa is irrefutable. <...> This paper does not intend to contribute to the oversubscribed debate on the origins, theories and causes of corruption in Africa; rather, it addresses the question of the option(s) that could best combat systemic corruption in Africa. <...> The paper argues that neither the altitudinal factor nor constitutional provisions could combat corruption in Africa and concludes that only attitudinal change or the confrontation option could liberate the continent from systemic corruption. <...> Introduction Corruption is the hallmark of most African states. <...> The key question now is not whether Emmanuel Oladipo Ojo. <...> Combating Systemic Corruption in Africa: Altitudinal, Attitudinal, Confrontational or. we should combat it or whether it is important – but how can we effectively combat it?”2 Indeed, in the 34-point communiquй issued at the end of the Anti-Corruption Summit held recently in London, world leaders agreed that tackling corruption is vital to sustaining economic stability and growth, maintaining security of societies, protecting human rights, reducing poverty, protecting the environment for future generations and addressing organized crime.3 The present paper examines four options of combating corruption in Africa. <...> The section highlights the prospects of the confrontational option in combating corruption in Africa. <...> The third section attempts a brief analysis of the other options that could curb corruption in Africa and, with particular reference to Kenya, highlights the failure of the altitudinal option in curbing corruption in Africa. <...> The UNCAC adopts a descriptive approach, encompassing varieties of corrupt acts including bribery in public sector, embezzlement, misappropriation or other diversion of property by a public official, trading in influence, abuse of function, illicit enrichment, bribery in the private sector, embezzlement of property in the private sector, laundering of proceeds of crime, concealment and obstruction of justice.4 According to the etymological meaning of the word, corruption comes from the Latin verb “corruptus” or ‘rumpere’ (to break).5 This implies that corruption <...>