BREEDING GRAIN CROPS TO INCREASE ADAPTABILITY (150,00 руб.)

Nauchnyi gorodok, Zernograd, Rostov Province, 347740 Russia, e-mail RybasIA@yandex.ru, vniizk30@mail.ru Received September 6, 2015 A b s t r a c t The most essential feature of promising varieties is their adaptability, i.e., an ability to withstand environmental effects, which reduce productivity. <...> Adaptation under plantenvironment interaction, and the use of self-regulation mechanisms of yield formation and habitat-forming environmental processes influenced by plants take a central place in the evolution theory and plant breeding (Z.V. Andreeva et al, 2014). <...> The review considers the adaptive potential of grain crops and the main concepts, characteristics and tasks of plant breeding for adaptability. <...> The concepts of stability, plasticity, homeostasis and resistance to stressors are discussed. <...> In a broad sense, the genotypeenvironment interaction reflects plant response to any changes of the environment. <...> In a narrower sense, the concept is used to describe the productivity change of genotypes in different environmental conditions. <...> This interaction is crucial to increase crop production. <...> They greatly depend on genotype and a factor chosen as environmental agent or conditions (V.A. Zykin et al, 2005). <...> A slight difference between genotypic potential and its phenotypic manifestation indicates a less response of a particular genotype to the environmental factors. <...> Various methods are helpful to identify potential productivity and adaptability of the varieties. <...> The estimates of adaptability and plasticity allow to determine reliably the differences among breeding material and gives an additional information to select valuable parental forms possessing adaptive traits. <...> Special breeding methods which depend on environmental conditions and a phase of plant ontogenesis are necessary to create crop varieties and hybrids that have a good adaptability (A.P. Golovchenko, 2001). <...> Keywords: plant breeding, adaptability, stability, plasticity, homeostasis, tolerance (resistance) to stressors One-size-fits-all approach to environmental management systems and violation of requirements to planting of cultivated species and varieties in strict compliance with their adaptability, i.e. in edaphoclimatic macro-, mezo- and microzones optimal for their cultivation, contribute to decline in agriculture. <...> Plant breeding plays a crucial role in crop production with a focus on steady increase in yield, sustainability, efficient use of resources and energy, and nature conservancy [2]. <...> This generally makes sense <...>