Abstract: in article the Bill of SK Russian Federation of introduction in criminally – the procedural legislation of institute of an objective truth is critically analyzed, under the thesis about which need the principle of a presumption of innocence is as appropriate interpreted the court is offered to oblige to be the active participant of process of a dokazyvaniye, need return to court of the right of the direction of criminal cases for production of additional preliminary investigation locates. <...> Other possible approach to a problem «turn to the worst» is formulated at judicial proceedings of criminal cases. <...> Формулируется авторское виденье этих вопросов, в том числе возможного подхода к проблеме «поворота к худшему» при судебном разбирательстве уголовных дел! <...>