TRANSFORAMINAL VERSUS ENDOSCOPIC EPIDUROPLASTY IN POST-LUMBAR LAMINECTOMY SYNDROME: A PROSPECTIVE, CONTROLLED, RANDOMIZED STUDY Ahmed Fawzi El Molla, MD, FIPP, PGcert Professor of Anesthesia & Pain Medicine department. <...> Director of pain relief unit (Medical Research Institute,Alexandria University, Egypt) Fellow of Interventional Pain Practice-Texas-USA Postgraduate Certificate of Pain Management-Cardiff University, UK Annotation. <...> The study primary goal was to evaluate the efficacy of non-endoscopic and endoscopic epiduroplasty on chronic leg pain severity in post-lumbar laminectomy syndrome (PLS) patients. <...> The secondary goals were to evaluate low back pain, functional abilities, satisfaction, and complications after the procedures. <...> Pain severity were measured by visual analogue score (VAS) for both leg and back pain and functional activities were assessed using Waddell and Main score with a follow-up to 12 months. <...> In both groups the follow-up VAS-leg pain score showed significant reduction at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, but EDS group showed significant reduction at 1 and 12 months compared to Trans group. <...> The follow-up VAS-back pain score in both groups showed significant reduction up to 6 months, but EDS group showed significant reduction at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months compared to Trans group. <...> Functional activities scores showed statistical significant improvement up to 6 months in both groups and 9, 12 months in EDS group when compared to the preoperative values with no statistical difference between groups at all intervals. <...> Satisfaction scores showed significant improvement at 3 and 12 months in both groups but EDS group showed significant improvement at 3 and 12 months compared to Trans group. <...> INTRODUCTION “Post-lumbar laminectomy syndromes” (PLS) following surgical spinal procedures have been attributed to post-operative fibrosis, adhesions, and inflammation [1; 2]. <...> In such patients, the painful symptoms reflect a combination of pathological processes, such as interruption of blood flow, venous congestion, ischemia, axonal damage and intraneural fibrosis [5; 6]. <...> Epidural steroid injection has been one of the “gold standards” in the management of chronic low back pain and PLS for over than 40 years. <...> Forceful epidural injection as a method has been tried <...>