Problems of the Soot Formation in Exhausts of Internal Combustion Engines. Soot Abatement by Oxidation on Cu-Containing ZSM-5 Catalysts (Minireview) (300,00 руб.)

Soot Abatement by Oxidation on Cu-Containing ZSM-5 Catalysts (Minireview) S. A. YASHNIK1 and Z. R. ISMAGILOV1,2 1Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia E-mail: yashnik@catalysis.ru 2Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia Abstract Diesel engines are responsible for emission of particulate matters in industrial cities. <...> Soot particles or particulate matters in diesel exhausts contain solid carbon, adsorbed organic compounds from the unburned fuel and products of its partial oxidation, as well as inorganic compounds, e. g., sulphate ions, water and incombustible mineral residue. <...> Soot particles can be removed from diesel exhausts using coagulation and precipitation methods, which do not have required efficiency. <...> Application of soot filters with catalytic coating is known to be more effective. <...> Pt-based catalytic washcoats ensure soot oxidation by oxygen at 550–650 °C. <...> NOx addition makes it possible to decrease the soot oxidation temperature to 300– 400 °C over Pt catalysts and Cu-containing zeolites. <...> Key words: soot, diesel exhaust, diesel oxidation catalyst, Cu–ZSM-5 INTRODUCTION In recent years, the content of harmful impurities in the air of big cities tends to increase due to the growth of traffic and number of cars. <...> Exhaust gases of vehicles mainly contained carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (CH) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). <...> Meanwhile, emissions from stationary sources were dominated by carbon black. © Yashnik S. A. and Ismagilov Z. R., 2016 Toxic components, such as CO, hydrocarbons, NO and soot, are formed by incomplete fuel combustion under oxygen deficiency according to the following reactions: CHx + (0.5 + 0.25x)O2 → CO + 0.5xH2O CHx → C6H6 (C8H18) N2 + xO2 → 2NOx (at elevated pressure and temperature) CHx + 0.25xO2 → C + 0.5xH2O (H2) The contents of individual toxic compounds depend on the engine type, its operating conditions, fuel composition, and can be varied in a wide interval. <...> Diesel engine exhausts contain 10 times less CO <...>