R. Kovalenko All-Russia Research and Development Institute of Experimental Veterinary, RAAS, Moscow 109428, Russia e-mail: akoulinairina@mail.ru, s-ip@mail.ru, konstantinkul@gmail.com 1 Moscow National University of Food Production, Moscow 109316, Russia Received September 28, 2012 S umma r y Bovine bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AT) multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MMSC) are believed to be a perspective material for the creation of new cellular systems and products for food biotechnology. <...> We demonstrated the possibility of directed differentiation of BM and AT MMSC in those of muscle tissue by culturing them in the medium, containing inductors of myogenesis (5-azacytidine, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and retinoic acid). <...> The comparative analysis of differentiation efficiency of these cells in the direction of myogenesis revealed morphological changes in BM MMSC on the 15-21st day, and in AT MMSC — on the 20-25th day of culturing in the medium with different inductors. <...> The analysis of MYOD1 and MYOG gene expression in RT-PCR detected essential distinctions in the potency of these cells to differentiate into muscle tissue cells in vitro, and also showed that MMSC, isolated from BM, are more perspective source for muscle tissue engineering in vitro. <...> Keywords: multipotent mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow, adipose tissue, bovine, differentiation, myogenesis, in vitro, inductors, gene expression. <...> Today, many countries (the Netherlands, USA, Japan, Australia, etc.) perform the experiments on production of in vitro cultured meat (1-2) that may be an alternative source of animal protein. <...> These works were continued by experiments on multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs) derived from bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AT) of cattle, that can be a possible source of accumulated cellular biomass. <...> MMSCs of farm animals are in focus of scientific interest due to their main characteristics and features. <...> First, these cells have the ability to self-renewal in vitro not being involved in aneuploidy, genetic instability, and malignant transformation; cultured MMSCs proliferate for a long time and form stable diploid cell lines. <...> Secondly, when MMSCs are induced to differentiate in vitro, they develop to the cells of other tissues. <...> Therefore, MMSCs can be the unique material for creation of new cellular systems and bioengineered agricultural <...>