Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2011, № 5, p. 63-68 UDC 634.10:631.52:575.222.73:581.143.6 METHODS OF TISSUES CULTURE AND POLYPLOIDY in vitro DURING BIGENERIC CROSSING OF PIP ORCHARD CROPS R.V. Papikhin, S.A. Muratova I.V. Michuring All-Russia Research and Development Institute of Fruit Crop Genetics and Selection, Tambov province, Michurinsk 393770, Russia e-mail: parom28@mail.ru, smuratova@yandex.ru Received September 25, 2008 S u m m a r y With the use of biotechnological methods the hybrid plants were obtained from seeds, which arised during bigeneric crossing of pip orchard crops. <...> The results of investigations were presented regarding the induction of polyploidy in distant hybrids of pip orchard crops. <...> The amitotic action of acenaphthene and colchicin on a development of plants was studied in the conditions in vitro. <...> The analysis of morphological changes of sprouts and stomatal mechanism of plant leaves after the treatment by polyploidy chemicals was made. <...> The determination of chromosomes number in root growing points of plants, obtained on nutrient media with 0.001 and 0.01 % acenaphthene and colchicin, confirms the chance of ploidy in hybrids. <...> Keywords: intergeneric hybridization, seed friut, tissue culture in vitro, polyploidy induction, amitotic, cytological analysis. <...> Distant hybridization of plants is of interest for many famous breeders firstly owing to useful traits of wild ancestors of cultivated plants thereby involved in breeding work: immunity to diseases, outstanding drought resistance, winter hardiness, high contents of bioactive substances. <...> All these properties can become quite important at environmental degradation and climate changes. <...> The greatest difficulty of interspecific and intergeneric hybridization is overcoming the reproductive isolation of different species. <...> Hybrid embryos formed at distant crosses can die at any stages of development. <...> The techniques of tissue culture in vitro help to obtain viable intergeneric hybrids from seeds with underdeveloped embryos, overcome effects of negative factors on germination and reduce a dormancy period. <...> Embryo culture have been successfully used at interspecific and intergeneric hybridization of pip fruit crops. <...> Cultivation of isolated embryos in sterile culture media improves their vitality and promotes germination of even degenerating embryos. <...> At the same time, many long-term works on obtaining hybrid <...>