Supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project 14-36-00039 A b s t r a c t tion of breeds and populations of the honeybee. <...> The aim of this study was a comparative assessment of the diversity and differentiation degree of Creating specialized lines is one of the techniques of genetic improvement and conservalines based on morphometric analysis and microsatellites (MS). <...> Material for this study was the worker bees of Gray Mountain Caucasian breed (lines I-V, = 728) which were selected in five apiaries in the Greater Sochi of Krasnodar krai. <...> Morphometric analysis included such measurements as the length of the proboscis (LP, mm), width of third tergite (W3T, mm) and cubital index (CI). <...> The level of variation between families for morphometric parameters was determined by two-way hierarchical analysis of variance. <...> Genetic differences between families for MS were estimated by paired comparison of Fst values. <...> To determine the quantitative estimation of variation between families within lines we calculated Fst, Rst (AMOVA). <...> The degree of line’s differentiation for morphometric characters was evaluated by calculating the Euclidean distances. <...> The obtained values were used to construct a dendrogram of similarity by a single bond (single linkage) of the hierarchical clustering algorithm. <...> The differentiation of lines for MS was based on calculating the values of Nei genetic distances. <...> Similarity dendrogram was constructed using the method of UPGMA. <...> We performed summary statistic using the software STATISTICA, GenAlEx (v. 6.5.1), PAST (v. 3.03). <...> Morphometric analysis showed the presence of significant differences between the lines for LP and W3T whereas there was no difference between the lines for CI. <...> The greater heterogeneity concerning studied traits in the lines II and V was revealed, and on the contrary, there was more consolidation in the lines III and IV. <...> Bees of line I differed significantly from the rest of the lines on both traits, but they were characterized by significant differences between families in LP. <...> Analysis of MS profiles showed similar trends in assessing the level of intra- and interfamily variability. <...> We observed an excess of heterozygotes in the line I (Fis = 0.048), which can be considered as an indication of the high heterogeneity. <...> Bees of this line were characterized by a minimal individual (Fit = 0.052) and the maximal interfamily variability (Fst = 0,124). <...> Lines II-V <...>