Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Region, Moscow Province, 142132 Russia, e-mail veronika0784@mail.ru; Marlynskogo, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, 677001 Russia, e-mail vfedorov_09@mail.ru; Naryan-Mar, Nenets AO, 166004, Russia, e-mail nmshos@atnet.ru; Organizations, 7, sh. <...> Lеsnуе Ро1yаnу, Рushkin Region, Моsсоw Province, 141212 Russia, e-mail: lakalashnikova@mail.ru Acknowledgements: The equipment of Bioresources and Bioengineering Center of L.K. Ernst All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry was used. <...> Supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project ¹ 14-36-00039 A b s t r a c t Reindeer ( ), the only member of the genus , is one of the most interesting object to investigate genetic diversity. <...> One of the technique of studying the genetic structure of populations and parentage identification is to create panels of STR (short tandem repeats) markers. <...> The aim of the current study was the development of multiplex panel of STR markers and assessment of its application to assign the parents and to study biodiversity of Russian reindeer populations. <...> As a biological material for research we used tissue samples (part of ear’s lobes) of reindeer of Even (EVN, = 44), Evenk (EVK, = 44), Nenets ( = 45) breeds and Tyva population (TUV, = 35). <...> DNA extraction was performed using Nexttec columns (Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. <...> Polymorphism of nine STR markers (NVHRT76, RT9, NVHRT24, RT30, RT1, RT6, RT27, NVHRT21 and RT7) was determined by own procedures using ABI 3130xl DNA analyzer («Applied Biosystems», USA). <...> The studied populations of reindeer were characterized by relatively high levels of genetic diversity. <...> The smallest effective number of alleles per locus was detected in TUV (3.37±0.47), the maximal value was in EVK (4.89±0.46 alleles per locus), and EVN and NEN occupied an intermediate position (4.42±0.53 and 3.90±0.38, respectively). <...> The number of alleles in single loci ranged from four in NVHRT21 and NVHRT24 for TUV to twelve in RT7 for EVK and RT1 for EVN. <...> The probability of matching genotypes (PI) for the nine loci ranged from 1.84½10-9 in NEN to 5.9½10-11 in EVK, showing the high power of the proposed marker panel for parentage identification. <...> The calculation of the mean values of similarity coefficient Q <...>