Вестник РУДН, серия История России, 2015, № 4 TENDENCIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN MUSICAL CULTURE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY O.P. Kozmenko Sholokhov Moscow State University for Humanities Verkhnaya Radishchevskaya st., 16, Moscow, Russia, 109240 I. Vladimirsky Achva Academic College POB Shikmim, Beer Tuvia, Israel, 79800 The article describes the main tendencies in the development of musical life and culture in Russia at the end of the XIX-beginning of the XX centuries. <...> This period symbolized the establishing of new cultural trends and influences in musical culture that have not suited classical academic canons. <...> New forms of musical activity found their practical realization in creation of people's instrument orchestras and choirs and changing of students' composition at the higher institutions of musical education and politization of musical culture. <...> Key words: Russia, revolution, musical culture, musical education, communism and culture, cultural policy. <...> Music and musical creativity as an abstract expression of reality were important in determining the character of cultural life in Russia at the beginning of the XX century and especially after the Bolshevik revolution of 1917. <...> In this connection one should notice that music's appeals to the emotions of the audience cannot be overestimatedand at the same time, ideological "content" of music can be hardly defined. <...> Analysis of the problem of the influence of such important social event as the Bolshevik revolution upon cultural life in general and the place of musical culture in particular deserves a serious comparative approach. <...> Most of the works of the Western researches usually put an emphasize on particular trends in the development of the Russian post-revolutionary musical culture or personalities, such as famous musicians and composers [1]. <...> Russian researches devote their research to the general tendencies in the development of the Russian musical culture from the beginning of the XXth cen130 Kozmenko O.P., Vladimirsky I. Tendencies in the development of russian musical culture… tury till late 1920s' and the establishment of the socialist realism concept [3]. <...> Special attention deserves the work of A. Nelson, who tries to apply comparative analysis to the history of the development of the Russian music after the Bolshevik Revolution. <...> Brief analysis of the existing researches shows that the problem of trends and tendencies in Soviet musical culture in first post-revolutionary years deserves deep and constructive <...>