AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGY, 2016, V. 51, ¹ 2, pp. 230-237 ISSN 2412-0324 (English ed. Online) (SEL’SKOKHOZYAISTVENNAYA BIOLOGIYA) ISSN 0131-6397 (Russian ed. Print) ISSN 2313-4836 (Russian ed. Online) Productive farm animals — reproduction and adaptation doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2016.2.230rus doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2016.2.230eng METABOLIC STATUS OF THE COWS UNDER INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION OF EMBRYO AND FETUS A.G. NEZHDANOV, V.I. MIKHALEV, G.G. CHUSOVA, N.E. PAPIN, A.E. CHERNITSKIY, E.G. LOZOVAYA Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations, 114-b, ul. <...> Lomonosova, Voronezh, 394087 Russia, e-mail cherae@mail.ru Abstract Intrauterine growth retardation of embryo and fetus (IUGR) in cows is a polyfactorial syndrome which is defined as an inconsistency between the sizes of forming embryos and fetuses and gestation periods. <...> It is thought that the processes of embryo and fetus growth and development in cows are determined by morphofunctional integrity of gametes entering into the process of insemination and are mainly regulated by the character of maternal nutrition, state of metabolic homeostasis and maternal genitals. <...> This work was devoted to the study of cows’ metabolic status under intrauterine growth retardation of embryo and fetus. <...> In 2013 at a large dairy complex (Agrotekh-Garant Ltd. Nashchekino, Anninskii Region, Voronezh Province) a total of 53 Red-motley Holstein cows with average annual productivity of 6.0-6.5 thousand kg were studied for protein metabolism indices (content of total proteins, protein fractions, serum urea), carbohydrates (blood concentration of glucose, lactic and pyruvic acids), vitamins (A, E, C), hormonal homeostasis (blood serum content of progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, estradiol, cortisol, triiodothyronine), endogenous intoxication (concentration of middle molecular peptides, urea, creatinine, transaminase blood serum activity) and nitric oxide system on the days 38-40, 60-65, 110-115 and 230-240 of gestation. <...> Blood was collected from the jugular vein in the morning before feeding. <...> The evaluation of genitals and metrics of embryo and fetus were done by the method of transrectal palpation and sonography with the use of bovine ultrasound scanner Easi-Scan-3 with 4.5-8.5 MHz linear transducer (BCF Technology Ltd, United Kingdom). <...> The diameter of the fertilized horn, placenta size, body diameter and coccyx-parietal size of the fetus were determined. <...> The diameter <...>