Professor Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani, Secretary General of the European Paediatric Association (EPA) who attended the summit stated: “The potential impact of gut microbiota within the field of paediatrics is not recognised enough by general paediatricians due to a lack of transfer between the fields.” We very much hope you find this of interest. <...> FROM THE INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE THE ROLE OF PROBIOTICS IN THE ANTIBIOTIC ASSOCIATED DIARROHEA IN CHILDREN 180 • The use and effectiveness of probiotics in children has been a long lasting important debate during the past years, which continues to raise the attention of pediatricans. <...> In particular, several articles in the recent past have discussed the role of probiotics for the prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in children, focusing on advantages and disadvantages. <...> A paper published by the ESPGHAN Working Group for Probiotics Prebiotics in the Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition in December 2015 (http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26756877) provides recommendations, developed by the Working Group (WG) on Probiotics of ESPGHAN, for the use of probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in children. <...> The recommendations were based on a systematic review of previously completed systematic reviews and of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published subsequently to these reviews. <...> The recommendations were formulated only if at least 2 RCTs that used a given probiotic (with strain specification) were available. <...> The use of probiotics for preventing AAD was considered in particular in the presence of risk factors such as class of antibiotic (s), duration of antibiotic treatment, age, need for hospitalization, comorbidities, or previous episodes of AAD diarrhea. <...> Szajewska H, Canani RB, Guarino A, Hojsak I, Indrio F, Kolacek S, Orel R, Shamir R, Vandenplas Y, van Goudoever JB, Weizman Z. Probiotics for the Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Children. <...> Dec. 2015, Epub ahead of print (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26756877) • A further recent report from a working group of gastroenterologists and nutritionists from the Great Ormond Street Hospital (UK), the Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust (UK), the University St Joan de Resus (Sp), and the University of Nottingham UK, discusses the role of antibiotic resistance, and the background and prevalence of Antibiotic Associated Diarrhoea (AAD). <...> The working group emphasizes that following an increasing amount of interest in therapies that may influence changes to gut <...>