Section MOLECULAR ANTHROPOLOGY – NEW ADVANCES POLYMORPHISM OF THE Y-CHROMOSOME IN KAZAKH POPULATIONS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF “SHEZHIRE” STRUCTURE Zhabagin Maxat1,2 Kuznetsova Marina4,2 , Askapuli Ayken1 , Sabitov Zhaxylyk3 , Balanovska Elena4 , Dibirova Khadizhat4,2 , Zhumadilov Zhaxybai1 1Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan 2Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 3Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan 4Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia In the perspective of the heritage of the steppe nomads – Shezhire – the genealogy of Kazakh population represents a complex system of tribal structure. <...> Names of “clan” or “tribe” are inherited like the genetic information on Y-chromosome. <...> This enables to trace the connection between social (Shezhire) and biological (Y-chromosomal) relationships and verify the hypotheses of the origin of some tribes. <...> These data on the fi ne structure of the gene pool of Kazakh population provides also information about historical migrations. <...> We studied the genetic variations of Y-chromosome in three ethno-territorial units of 14 clans and 20 tribal groups of the Kazakhs in the perspective of hierarchically organized tribal structure. <...> A total of 1407 samples were analyzed by 40 Y-chromosome SNP and 17 STR markers. <...> Summary statistics of haplotype variation were calculated, genetic relationships between subpopulations were estimated, and the phylogenetic tree of microsatellites haplotypes was constructed. <...> The genetic diversity in the Kazakh population was estimated to be 0.869 ± 0.004. “Genetic portraits” of each tribe and clan were created. <...> The phenomenon of dominance of an individual haplogroup in each clan was revealed. <...> Thus genetic data largely agree with the genealogical structure of “Shezhire”. <...> Note, that the generic (clan) level of organization of the Kazakh population most accurately characterizes the gene pool structure based on Y-chromosome polymorphisms that the “tribal” or “regional” levels. <...> This study was supported by RFBR grant 14-06-31331, Presidium RAS program “Molecular and cell biology” and Targeted funding of Ministry of Education and Science of Republic Kazakhstan. <...> Key words: Y-chromosome, Kazakh population, population genetics, genealogy Contact information: Zhabagin Maxat, e-mail: maxat.zhabagin@nu.edu.kz. , , Balanovsky Oleg2,4 127 19 Конгресс Европейской Антропологической Ассоциации МГУ имени М. <...>