122 Section MOLECULAR ANTHROPOLOGY – NEW ADVANCES MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL CASE OF POTT’S DISEASE FROM THE БRPБDIAN-ERA Pуsa Annamбria1,2 Pбlfi Gyцrgy1 , Kцhler Kitti3 , Maixner Frank4 , Mende Balбzs Gusztбv3 1Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary 2Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary 3Research Centre for the Humanities, Institute of Archaeology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Institute for Mummies and the Iceman, EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy Hungary 4 5Institut de Gйnйtique et Microbiologie, Campus d’Orsay, Orsay, France It is well known that tuberculosis (TB) causes 1.5 million deaths every year and one-third of the world’s total population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (WHO, 2011). <...> These facts give a great importance to paleopathological TB research too. <...> Due to recent development of macroscopic and molecular diagnostic methods in paleopathology and paleomicrobiology, molecular methods for the detection of Mycobacterial ancient DNA (aDNA) have also been developed considerably in the last few years. <...> The osteoarchaeological series of Győr-Pуsdomb from the 10-11th century (western Hungary) has already been the subject of preliminary paleopathological studies on TB-related bone lesions, an interesting case with Pott’s disease (Grave No. 187) was detected. <...> Skeletal material of this cemetery was chosen for the macromorphological investigation, which focused both on classical/advanced (tuberculous spondylitis, tuberculous arthritis) stage skeletal TB alterations and atypical/early-stage TB lesions (rib lesions, superfi cial vertebral changes, endocranial alterations, early-stage spondylodiscitis). <...> In addition, the association of possible stress factors (long bone periostitis, cribra orbitalia, cribra cranii) was also considered. <...> Earlier some cases had been detected from the Roman Period Pannonia and the Avar Age by macromorphological methods. <...> Nevertheless the good state of preservation of this case, the important chronological period of the Hungarian history and the fact that the presence of classical TB symptoms from Бrpбdian-era have never been detected aDNA by molecular methods before encouraged us to carry out an ancient DNA test of TB-related lesions in this skeleton. <...> Paleomicrobiological analysis was used to study the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA both in morphologically <...>