Section HUMAN DIVERSITY 73 represent a result of a mechanical mixture while others attest to incipient hybridization. <...> Despite the evidence of military activity in the society (fortifi ed settlements, chariots, weapons), a small number of injuries suggests that Sintashta and Potapovka populations were involved in confl icts only occasionally. <...> It should be emphasized that despite the apparent cultural homogeneity of the cemeteries, the buried people were not necessarily related to each other. <...> The central and elite graves often contain individuals of a hypermorphic European type, perhaps of steppe origin. <...> We therefore conclude that one must concentrate on elite burials to identify the founders of the Sintashta and Potapovka traditions in this archaeologically homogenous and, at the same time, biologically heterogeneous group. <...> Key words: Bronze Age, Southern Urals, Sintashta-Arkaim, Potapovka, Indo-Iranian origins Contact information: Kitov Egor, e-mail: kadet_eg@mail.ru. <...> FINGER LENGTH RATIO IN CHUVASHIANS Kobyliansky Eugene1 , Kalichman Leonid2 1Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 2 Department of Physical Therapy, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel In a Chuvashian sample (803 males and 738 females) we evaluated the mean values of 2D:4D ratio, the contributions of phalanges and metacarpals to the 2D:4D ratio; the symmetry between right and left 2D:4D ratios. <...> Age, sex, anthropometric data and radiographs of both hands were collected. <...> Each hand was visually classifi ed with the x-ray method as either Type 1 (index fi nger longer than ring fi nger); Type 2 (equal); or Type 3 (shorter than the ring fi nger). <...> The following measurements were obtained from the index and ring fi ngers: (1) midpoint of base of the proximal phalanx to midpoint of tip of the distal phalanx; and (2) midpoint of the base to midpoint of tip of the metacarpal. <...> Visual classifi cation was signifi cantly associated with the measured 2D:4D length ratio. <...> Women had a higher prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2, but lower prevalence of Type 3 ratio in both hands. <...> Men had lower measured 2D:4D phalangeal, metacarpal and ray (combined) ratios than women. <...> No sex dimorphism was <...>