Инженерная графика / Engeneering Graphics (171,00 руб.)

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УДК 514 ББК 30.11 И62 Т.А. Жилкина, Е.Л. Спирина, Е.А. Степура, Л.Н. Сомарриба Соколова, С.С. Федоров Рецензенты: Авторы: доцент кафедры инженерной графики и компьютерного моделирования НИУ МГСУ; кандидат архитектуры Н.С. Калинина, заведующая аспирантурой кандидат технических наук, доцент А.Ю. Борисова, Московского архитектурного института (государственной академии), член Союза московских архитекторов И62 Инженерная графика / Engeneering Graphics [Электронный ресурс] : учебно-методическое пособие / [Т.А. Жилкина, Е.Л. Спирина, Е.А. Степура и др.] ; Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации, Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет, кафедра инженерной графики и компьютерного моделирования. — Электрон. дан. и прогр. (4 Мб). — Москва : Издательство МИСИ – МГСУ, 2023. — URL: http://lib.mgsu.ru. — Загл. с титул. экрана. ISBN 978-5-7264-3287-8 (сетевое) ISBN 978-5-7264-3288-5 (локальное) В учебно-методическом пособии рассматриваются теоретические основы построения проекционного чертежа и алгоритмы решения основных задач, связанных с построением сечений и линий пересечения поверхностей; даны основные требования ГОСТ ЕСКД и СПДС к оформлению и выполнению технических и архитектурно-строительных чертежей; приводятся базовые понятия и приемы работы над чертежом с помощью системы CAD. Предназначены для использования на практических занятиях, а также при самостоятельной подготовке обучающихся к текущему контролю и промежуточной аттестации по дисциплине «Инженерная и компьютерная графика». Для обучающихся по направлению подгтовки 08.03.01 Строительство. Учебное электронное издание © ФГБОУ ВО «НИУ МГСУ», 2023

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Contents INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 6 1. PROJECTION DRAWING THEORY ........................................................................................................... 7 1.1. Basic positional and metric tasks on the complex drawing .................................................................... 7 1.1.1. Fundamentals of projection image on drawings. Point, line, plane ............................................. 7 Projection of points by coordinates on the orthogonal drawing .................................................... 7 Definition of plane traces and determination of its visibility ......................................................... 7 Definition of distance from point to plane ..................................................................................... 9 Drawing a plane parallel to a given plane and separated from it at a certain distance................. 11 Construction of a plane passing through an arbitrary point and perpendicular to a line .............. 12 1.2. Surface projection................................................................................................................................. 12 1.2.1. Definition of geometric body projections .................................................................................. 13 Prism projections ......................................................................................................................... 13 Pyramid projections ..................................................................................................................... 13 Cylinder projections ..................................................................................................................... 14 Cone projections .......................................................................................................................... 14 Sphere projections ........................................................................................................................ 15 1.2.2. Sections of polyhedra and bodies of revolution by a plane ....................................................... 15 Intersection of a surface with a plane of partial position ............................................................. 16 Definition of geometric body projections with cutouts ................................................................ 18 1.2.3. Mutual intersection of surfaces .................................................................................................. 19 Mutual intersection of polyhedra ................................................................................................. 19 Mutual intersection of a polyhedron and a curved surface. Using the projecting properties of surfaces when building an intersection line ............................................................................. 21 Mutual intersection of curved surfaces. Method of auxiliary cutting planes ............................... 21 Mutual intersection of revolution surfaces. Method of auxiliary cutting spheres ........................ 22 2. TYPES OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTATION ........................ 23 2.1. The main types of design documentation ............................................................................................. 23 2.1.1. Design documentation. General concepts .................................................................................. 23 2.1.2. Main types of design products ................................................................................................... 23 2.1.3. Design documentation for construction ..................................................................................... 23 2.2. Design of technical drawing ................................................................................................................. 23 2.2.1. How to design technical drawings ............................................................................................. 23 2.2.2. Unified system of construction documentation ......................................................................... 23 2.3. Projections on drawings ....................................................................................................................... 28 2.3.1. Views, cuts, sections. Basic rules of drawing execution ........................................................... 28 2.3.2. Image layout. Building three views of a detail .......................................................................... 33 2.3.3. Axonometric projections ........................................................................................................... 34 4

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2.4. Drawings of constructive detail connections ........................................................................................ 36 2.4.1. Types of connections and rules for their display on drawings ................................................... 36 Classification of constructive detail connections ......................................................................... 36 Illustrations of threaded connections on drawings ....................................................................... 36 2.4.2. Bolted connection ...................................................................................................................... 37 2.5. Architectural and construction technical drawings .............................................................................. 39 2.5.1. Basic rules for the execution of architectural and construction technical drawings .................. 39 2.5.2. Rules for the graphic design of plan view drawings .................................................................. 41 2.5.3. Rules for graphic design of drawings sections of buildings. Calculation of stairs .................... 42 Graphic design of the building section ........................................................................................ 42 Ladder calculation and graphic design ......................................................................................... 43 2.5.4. Graphic design of the building façade ....................................................................................... 44 2.5.5. Building design by CAD as a base for the information model .................................................. 44 3. ENGINEERING APPLICATION GRAPHICS AND SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS .................................... 47 3.1. CAD softwares ..................................................................................................................................... 47 3.1.1. Russian CAD softwares ............................................................................................................. 47 3.1.2. Foreign CAD software products ................................................................................................ 48 3.2. 2D-Моdeling ........................................................................................................................................ 49 3.2.1. Preparing the work environment ............................................................................................... 49 3.2.2. Ways of setting two-dimensional points .................................................................................... 50 3.2.3. Methods for creating a flat outline ............................................................................................. 50 Simple objects (primitives) .......................................................................................................... 51 Complex graphics (primitives)..................................................................................................... 51 3.2.4. Setting drawing modes .............................................................................................................. 52 Means for ensuring the accuracy of point assignment ................................................................. 52 Modes of fixing the directions of specifying points..................................................................... 52 Grid and snapping ........................................................................................................................ 52 3.2.5. Command styles. Styles of geometric objects ........................................................................... 53 Multiline style .............................................................................................................................. 53 Text style ...................................................................................................................................... 53 3.2.6. Editing drawings ........................................................................................................................ 53 Commands for changing object position ..................................................................................... 53 Commands for copying objects.................................................................................................... 54 Commands for reshaping objects ................................................................................................. 54 Delete commands ......................................................................................................................... 54 Object conversion commands ...................................................................................................... 55 3.2.7. Working with layers .................................................................................................................. 55 3.2.8. Working with blocks and attributes ........................................................................................... 56 Blocks .......................................................................................................................................... 56 Block attributes ............................................................................................................................ 56 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 57 5

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