Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова

The issues of variability of pinewood (Pinus sylvestris L.) properties in growing stock located in the vicinity of operating industrial facilities is still relevant. The paper aims to assess the technogenic impact on the radial increment as well as the physical and mechanical properties of pinewood in the conditions of Northern Taiga. The impact of the distance from the source of emissions on variability of the radial increment and the volume and technical properties of wood were determined. Distribution maps of the conventional wood density and its compressive strength along the fibers inside the trunk were formed. It is found that with a decrease in the distance from the source of emissions, the average value of the radial increment of trees occurs. It is revealed that there is a decrease in wood density from the butt to the top, and from the pith to the sapwood. Also, it is determined that wood density increases as the distance to the source of emissions decreases. However, there were obtained no valid differences of the indicator of wood resistance to compression along the fibers at various distances from to the source of emissions. For citation: Schekalev R.V., Martynyuk А.А., Melekhov V.I. Variability Properties of Pinus sylvestris L. Wood in Growing Stock under Technogenic Impact. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2020, no. 4, pp. 113–122. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-4-113-122
Вопросы изменчивости характеристик древесины сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) в насаждениях, произрастающих в зонах влияния промышленных объектов, не теряют своей актуальности. Цель данной работы – оценка влияния техногенного воздействия на радиальный прирост и физико-механические характеристики древесины сосны в условиях северной тайги. Проанализировано влияние фактора расстояния от источника промышленных выбросов на изменчивость радиального прироста, объемных и технических характеристик древесины. Сформированы карты распределения условной плотности древесины и ее сопротивления сжатию вдоль волокон внутри ствола. Выявлено, что с сокращением расстояния до источника выбросов происходит уменьшение средней величины радиального прироста деревьев. Установлено снижение плотности древесины от основания к верхней части дерева и от сердцевины ствола к его заболони. Определена тенденция повышения плотности древесины с сокращением расстояния до источника эмиссий. Достоверных различий показателя сопротивления древесины сжатию вдоль волокон на разном расстоянии от источника эмиссий не выявлено. Для цитирования: Schekalev R.V., Martynyuk А.А., Melekhov V.I. Variability Properties of Pinus sylvestris L. Wood in Growing Stock under Technogenic Impact // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2020. № 4. С. 113–122. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-4-113-122

The paper presents the comparative analysis of physicochemical properties of oils in North American, Scandinavian, and Russian sectors of the Arctic. The analysis of oil reserve distribution in the arctic territory and aquatory shows that the Russian sector is much higher in oil reserves than North American and Scandinavian sectors. A study of physicochemical properties of viscous and heavy oils in the Russian part of the Arctic is presented in this paper. Using a global database on physical and chemical properties of oils, analysis of the distribution of viscous, heavy oils in terms of the volumes of their reserves was carried out. It is known, that heavy and viscous oils account for slightly more than 33 % of the total samples. The criteria necessary to classify oils as hard-to-recover oil reserves are determined. The features of the physico-chemical properties of these oils are studied under various conditions of the Arctic. The results of a comparative analysis of hard-to-recover oils from the main basin West Siberian of the Arctic zone of Russia are given, which made it possible to establish the features of the physicochemical properties of oil. The results of the research can be used to develop new and improve existing methods and technologies for oil production and refining.